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Earlier, scholars believed they had still another strength estimate worthy of consideration in the work of Salimbene, who was personally in Parma at the start of the siege, who gives the emperor 37，000 men. But it turns out that this number resulted from an error in reading. Salimbene only says that the emperor’s army was huge, and he cites Chapter 37 of Ezekiel. This “37 Ezekiel” was interpreted as 37，000.M.G.，SS.，37.196.
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Of course, sources that speak of 60，000 men（Schirrmacher，4：441）are not worth repeating.
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30.Collenuccio, from Mainardino of Imola, as cited in Scheffer. Boichorst On the History of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries（Zur Geschichte des XII.und XIII.Jahrhunderts），p.283，describes the camp: “This‘town’was 800 rods long and 600 rods wide, and the rod was of 9 yards; and it had 8 gates and deep, wide ditches all around.”The emperor himself had written to Mainardino: “civitatem（Parmensem）civitatis nostre, que vires obsistentium ab hyemalis temporis quantalibet tempestate tuebitur, nova constructione vel oppressione comprimimus.”（“We are now besieging the city（Parma）by depredation and by the recent construction of our own fortified camp, which will protect the strength of the besiegers from the adverse weather of winter, however great.”）
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31.Arnulph, SS.，8.16.
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32.The source passages concerning the carroccio have been assembled and discussed by Muratori in Antiquitates，2：489. See also Waitz，8：183；San Marte, Zur Waffenkunde, p.323；Köhler，1：185，2：147，190，3：2：344. The opinion that the idea for this originated in the Orient does not seem to me to be proven.
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33.“The Battle of Tagliacozzo”（“Die Schlacht bei Tagliacozzo”），Neue Jahrbücher fur das Klassische Altertum, Geschichte und Deutsche Literatur，1903，Section I, Vol.XI, Book 1，p.31.
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6 德意志城市
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1.The Knightly Dignity and the Knightly Class（Die Ritterwürde und der Ritterstand），p.502.
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2.Roth, p.470.
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3.See Bremer Urkundenbuch, edited by Ehmk and Bippen, Vol.I, No.172. In 1233，Archbishop Gebhard promised the citizens of Bremen:
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Cives Bremenses mercatores non tenebuntur ad archiepiscopi Bremensis expeditionem, ni voluerint, exceptis illis mercatoribus qui vel tamquam ministeriales vel tamquam homines ecclesiae ab ecclesia sunt feodati, quorum quilibet ad expeditionem ecclesiae evocatus servicium suum per unum hominem poterit redimere, competenter armis instructum.
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（The merchant inhabitants of Bremen will not be obligated for the campaign of the archbishop of Bremen unless they will have desired to be, with the exception of those merchants who either as officials or as men of the Church have been enfeoffed by the Church, of which each one called out for the campaign of the Church will be able to fulfill his obligation through one man suitably equipped with arms.）
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See Donandt, History of the Bremen Municipal Law（Geschichte des Bremer Stadtrechts），1：111.
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4.H.Fischer，“The Participation of the Free Cities in the Imperial Campaign”（“Die Teilnahme der Reichsstädte an der Reichsheerfahrt”），Leipzig dissertation，1883，p.14. The first march to Rome in which they actually participated, of course, did not occur until 1310. P.29.
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5.Lindt，“Contributions to the History of German Military Organization in the Hohenstaufen Period”（“Beiträge zur Geschichte der Deutschen Kriegsverfassung in der Staufischen Zeit”），Tübingen dissertation，1881，p.28，cites several passages for this point, the earliest being from the year 1114.
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6.1204“collecta multitudine militum vel etiam civium, qui propter continuas bellorum exercitationes gladiis et sagittis et lanceis non parum praevalent”（“after a crowd of knights and even inhabitants had been assembled, who, on account of their continuous military exercises with swords, arrows, and lances, were sufficiently capable …”）.
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7.Arnold，2：241.
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8.Ennen and Eckertz, Sources for the History of the City of Cologne（Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln），Vol.II, No.449，p.165，and Vol.IV, No.488，p.560. See also 3：232.Arnold, Constitutional History of the German Free Cities（Verfassungsgeschichte der deutschen Freistädte），1：443.
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9.Arnold，2：243.
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10.“Not many of the gentlemen joined me, since they were anxious to be able to return home again on the same day and could not remain out overnight.”Königshofen, Chronik deutscher Städte（Chronicle of German Cities），9.845. Vischer, Studies in German History（Forschungen der deutschen Geschichte）2：77. Köhler，3：2：381.
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11.Master Godefrit Hagen, city clerk for the period, Rhymed Chronicle of the City of Cologne from the Thirteenth Century（Reimchronik der Stadt Köln aus dem dreizehnten Jahrhundert）. With notes and glossary in accordance with the only ancient manuscript. Edited completely for the first time by E.von Groote, city councilor, Cologne on the Rhine. Published and printed by M. Du Mont-Schauberg.1834.
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12.This document is printed in the Fontes rerum Germanicarum（Sources of German History），by Böhmer, Vol.III, and recently edited by Jaffé in the SS.，17.105. See also Wiegand, Bellum Walterianum（Studies in Alsatian History[Studien zur Elsässischen Geschichte]，I），Strasbourg，1878. Roth von Schreckenstein, Herr Walter von Geroldseck, Tübingen，1857.
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13.Roth, p.40，assumes that the bishop had distributed his men throughout the region up to about Schlettstadt, Rheinau, Zabern, and Hagenau. Some of these points are more than 18 miles distant from the assembly point at Molsheim.
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According to Richer, the bishop’s troops had not initially assembled but were concentrated at Dachenstein.
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14.From Closener’s translation. The Latin text reads: “Bene veniatis, dilectissime domine Zorn; nunquam in tantum desiderabam vos videre.”
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