1700095910
1700095911
13.Stubbs, Constitutional History，1：590.
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1700095913
14.Gneist, Englische Verfassungsgeschichte, p.289，note（according to a manuscript in the Cotton Library）.
1700095914
1700095915
15.Pollock and Maitland，2：252.
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1700095917
16.Pollock and Maitland，1：246.
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1700095919
17.The shift from personal service to money payments was, as Pol-lock and Maitland，1：255，suppose, the origin of the otherwise inexplicable reduction of the roster. In 1277，the clergy, who had had to provide 784 knights in 1166，acknowledged having hardly 100. The great earls did likewise. But the compensation for the individual knights was increased correspondingly.Morris, of course, explains this reduction differently in The Welsh Wars of King Edward I. On p.45 f.，he states that the reduction in the number of those to be provided was compensation for the extension of the period of service by several times the usual forty-day standard.
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1700095921
18.Cunningham, The Growth of English Industry and Commerce，3d ed.，1：196.
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1700095923
19.In 1294，the clergy provided one-half, the earls, barons, and knights one-tenth, and the cities one-sixth.
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1700095925
In 1295，the clergy provided one-tenth, the nobles one-eleventh, and the cities one-seventh.
1700095926
1700095927
In 1307，one-fifteenth was provided; that amounted to 40，000 pounds for all of England.
1700095928
1700095929
20.Stubbs, Select Charters, p.255（from Roger of Hoveden）.
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1700095931
21.Constitutional History of England，1：573.
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1700095933
6意大利的诺曼人国家
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1700095935
1.Lupus Protospatharius, Mon. Germ. SS.，5.52，gives the strength for Olivento as 3，000. Gaufredus Malaterra, in his History of Sicily（Geschichte Siciliens），Muratori, SS.，5.533 ff.，gives 500. William of Apulia, in his epic poem which he dedicated to Robert Guiscard’s son（Mon. Germ. SS.，9-239 ff.），gives the number as 1，200. The reported strength for the battle of Cannae is given in the Annals of Barri, Mon. Germ.，5.51 ff. All these points are taken from von Heinemann, History of the Normans in Lower Italy（Geschichte der Normannen in Unteritalien），p.359.
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1700095937
2.von Heinemann, History of the Normans, p.113.
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1700095939
3.von Heinemann, p.207.
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1700095941
4.von Heinemann, p.311.
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1700095943
5.von Heinemann, p.325.
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1700095945
6.von Heinemann, pp.330，333.
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1700095947
7.Ryccardus de San Germano, M.G. SS.，19.369，anno 1233. P.376：“vocat ad se … omnes barones et milites infeudatos”（“he calls to himself … all barons and enfeoffed knights”）.
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1700095949
8.Ryccardus de San Germano, M.G. SS.，19.348: “statuens ut singuli feudatarii darent de unoquoque feudo octo uncias auri et de singulis octo feudis militem unum in proximo futuro mense Maii”（“decreeing that all vassals should give from each fief 8 ounces of gold and from every eight fiefs one knight in the next month of May”）.
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1700095951
7 拜占庭
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1700095953
1.We would be able to state this characteristic definitely if the Strategikon that has been passed down under his name was actually written by him. However, this is very doubtful. See pp.193，198，below.
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1700095955
2.Zachariä von Lingenthal, History of Greco-Roman Law（Geschichte des griechisch-römischen Rechts），3d ed.，p.271，para.63.
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1700095957
3.Les exploits de Digénis Akritas. Epopée byzantine du Xieme siècle, publiée par G. Sathas et E. Legrand. Paris，1875.
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1700095959
4.Zachariä von Lingenthal, Geschichte des griechisch-römischen Rechts，3d ed.，p.265.
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