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[11]威尼斯铸造的一种金币，成色接近于足金，每枚重3.56克。——译者注
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[12]Epstein,Genoa and the Genoese,p.272,此处引用了E.Ashtor,The Levant Trade in the later Middle Ages,Princeton,NJ
:Princeton Unversity Press,1983,pp.32-33.
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[13]Epstein,Genoa and the Genoese,pp.274-275,280-281.
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[14]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,pp.3-15.
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[15]Salonia,Genoa’s Freedom,pp.92-97,125.
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[18]Epstein,Genoa and the Genoese,pp.296-297;Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,p.101.
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[19]Epstein,Genoa and the Genoese,p.314.
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[20]Salonia,Genoa’s Freedom,p.122.
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[21]Epstein,Genoa and the Genoese,pp.315-318,329-330.
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[22]转引自Salonia,Genoa’s Freedom,pp.139,141.
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[24]Salonia,Genoa’s Freedom,p.25;Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,pp.x-xi.
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[25]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,pp.100-101,202.
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[26]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,p.xi i.
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[27]C.Cipolla,‘The Economic Decline of Italy’,in C.Cipolla,ed.,The Economic Decline of Empires,London
:Methuen,1970,pp.196-215,at p.215.
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[28]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,p.x.
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[29]Burke,The Fabrication of Louis XIV,pp.97-101,162;Baxter,William III and the Defense of European Liberty 1650–1702,p.212;Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,p.202.
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[30]Burke,The Fabrication of Louis XIV,p.162.通过雅各布·布克哈特的评价我们可以充分理解这些手段的意义，他认为，撤销《南特敕令》是一种政治手段，目的是强行使国家统一。正如编辑戈特弗里德·迪茨（Gottfried Dietz）所观察到的那样，布克哈特认为路易统治下的法国是“第一个完美的现代国家的典范，它对几乎所有的文化分支都施加了最高的强制力”，他引用了布克哈特的论点，即路易的国家是一个“独立存在并只为自己存在的伪有机体”。J.Burckhardt,Refl ections on History.Indianapolis,IN
:Liberty Classics,1979,pp.17,136.
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[31]P.Russell,Prince Henry‘the Navigator’,New Haven,CT,and London
:Yale University Press,2000.拉塞尔强调了亨利的生涯中那属于中世纪的、富于十字军骑士精神的一面，推翻了许多关于这位“航海家”的神话，包括那些关于他在萨格里什建立的航海学校的传说，见该书第6—7页。关于休达见该书第70页。
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[32]Ng Chin-keong,Boundaries and Beyond
:China’s Maritime Southeast in Late Imperial Times,Singapore
:National University of Singapore Press,2016,P.18.
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[33]R.Mathee,‘The Portuguese in the Persian Gulf
:An Overview’,in J.R.Marcris and S.Kelly,eds.,Imperial Crossroads
:The Great Powers and the Persian Gulf,Annapolis,MD
:USNIP,2012,p.7.
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[34]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,pp.12,14,46.
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[35]E.Sanceau,The Reign of the Fortunate King 1495–1521.NewYork
:Archon Book,1969.
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