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II 二人合作提出白烟囱假说的论文，参见：Martin, W.; Russell, M.(2003). On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells.Philosophical transactions of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 58(1429)
:59-83。
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III B. J. Skinner, R. C. Erd, and F. S. Grimaldi, American Mineralogist 49, 543 (1964).
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IV Anthony, J. W.; Bideaux, R. A.; Bladh, K. W.; Nichols, M. C., eds. (1990).Handbook of Mineralogy(Vol I). Chantilly, VA,US: Mineralogical Society of America; Lefèvre, C. T.; Menguy, N.; Abreu, F.; et al.(2011). A cultured greigite-producing mag netotactic bacterium in a novel group of sulfate-reducing bacteria.Science, 334(6063): 1720-1723; Gorlas, A.; Jacquemot, P.; Guigner, J.-M.; Gill, S.; et al.(2018). Greigite nanocrystals produced by hyperthermophilic archaea of Thermococcales order.PLoS ONE, 13(8): e0201549.
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V 关于鳞角腹足螺的“铁甲”，参见：Yao, Haimin; Dao, Ming; Imholt, T.; Huang, J.; et al.(2010). Protection mechanisms of the iron-plated armor of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent gastropod.PNAS, 107 (3): 987–992。
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VI White, L. M.; Bhartia, R.; Stucky, G.; et al.(2015). Mackinawite and greigite in ancient alkaline hydrothermal chimneys: Identifying potential key catalysts for emergent life.Earth and planetary science letters, 430: 105-114.
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VII 关于铁复硫矿催化乙酰辅酶A路径，参见：Roldan, A.; Hollingsworth, N.; Rofey, A.; et al.(2015). Bio-inspired CO2 conversion by iron sulfide catalysts under sustainable conditions,Chemical communications, 51(35)
:7501–7504。
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VIII 实验论文参见：Preiner, M.; Igarashi, K.; Muchowska, K. B.; et al.(2020) A hydrogen-dependent geochemical analogue of primordial carbon and energy metabolism. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4: 534–542。
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IX Russell, M. J.; Nitschke, W.(2017). Methane: Fuel or exhaust at the emergence of life?Astrobiology, 17(10): 1053–1066.
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X 二氧化碳被氢气还原成甲酸，参见：Moret, S.; Dyson, P. J.; Laurenczy, G.(2014). Direct synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide by hydrogenation in acidic media.Nature communications, 5: 4017。
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XI Herschy, B.; Whicher, A.; Camprubi, E.; et al.(2014). An origin-of-life reactor to simulate alkaline hydrothermal vents.Journal of molecular evolution, 79(5-6): 213–227;Volbeda, A.; Fontecilla-Camps J. C.(2006). Catalytic nickel–iron–sulfur clusters: from minerals to enzymes. In: Simonneaux, G.(eds).Bioorganometallic Chemistry.Topics in organometallic chemistry, 17: 57–82. Berlin, Germany
:Springer.
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XII 实验论文，参见：Herschy, B.; Whicher, A.; Camprubi, E.; et al.(2014). An origin-of-life reactor to simulate alkaline hy drothermal vents.Journal of molecular evolution, 79(5-6): 213–227。
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XIII 在这个实验最终发表后的论文：Vasiliadou, R.; Dimov, N.; Szita, N.; et al.(2019). Possible mechanisms of CO2 reduc tion by H2 via prebiotic vectorial electrochemistry.Interface focus, 9(6)。
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XIV Hudson, R.; de Graaf, R.; Rodin, M. S.; et al.( 2020). CO2 reduction driven by a pH gradient.Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, 117 (37): 22873-22879.
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XV 关于甲酰甲烷呋喃脱氢酶的催化原理：Wagner, T.; Ermler, U.; Shima, S.(2016). The methanogenic CO2 reduc ing-and-fixing enzyme is bifunctional and contains 46[4Fe-4S] clusters.Science, 354(6308): 114–117.
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XVI 关于甲酰甲烷呋喃脱氢酶，参见：Wagner, T.; Ermler, U.; Shima, S.(2016). The methanogenic CO2 reducing-and-fix ing enzyme is bifunctional and contains 46[4Fe-4S] clusters.Science, 354(6308): 114–117。
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XVII 关于钴咕啉铁硫蛋白的作用机理，参见：Svetlitchnaia, T.; Svetlitchnyi, V.; Meyer, O.; Dobbek, H.(2006). Struc tural insights into methyltransfer reactions of a corrinoid iron–sulfur protein involved in acetyl-CoA synthesis.Proceedingsof the National Academy of Sciences, 103(39): 14331-14336; Stich, T. A.; Seravalli, J.; Venkateshrao, S.; et al.(2006). Spec troscopic studies of the corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein from Moorella thermoacetica.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(15)
:5010–5020。
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XVIII 关于一氧化碳脱氢/乙酰辅酶A合成酶，参见：Dobbek, H.; Svetlitchnyi, V.; Gremer, L.; et al.(2001). Crystal struc ture of a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase reveals a [Ni-4Fe-5S] cluster.Science, 293(5533): 1281–1285; Lindahl, P. A.(2009).Nickel-carbon bonds in acetyl-coenzyme a synthases/carbon monoxide dehydrogenases.Metal ions in life sciences, 6
:133-150。
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XIX 关于乙酰辅酶A合成酶的铁硫簇A催化机制，参见：Hegg, E. L.(2004). Unraveling the Structure and mechanism of acetyl-coenzyme a synthase.Accounts of chemical research, 37(10): 775–783。
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第十章
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I 关于白烟囱假说对甲硫醇和硫代乙酸甲酯的倾向，参见：Martin, W.; Russell, M. J.( 2007). On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent.Philosophical transactions of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 362(1486)
:1887–1925。
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II Kitadai, N.; Maruyama, S.(2018). Origins of building blocks of life: A review.Geoscience frontiers, 9(4): 1117-1153.
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III Camprubi, E.; Jordan, S. F.; Vasiliadou, R.; Lane, N.(2017). Iron catalysis at the origin of life.IUBMB Life, 69(6)
:373-381.
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IV Whicher, A.; Camprubi, E.; Pinna, S.; et al.(2018) Acetyl phosphate as a primordial energy currency at the origin of life.Origins of life and evolution of biospheres,;48(2)
:159–179.
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第四幕
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第十一章
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