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VIII 关于酶RNA自复制组合，参见：Lincoln, T. A.; Joyce, G. F.(2009). Self-sustained replication of an RNA enzyme.Science.;323(5918)
:1229–1232.
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IX 关于自催化的酶RNA三元组合，参见：Vaidya, N.; Manapat, M. L.; Chen, I.A.; et al.(2012). Spontaneous network for mation among cooperative RNA replicators.Nature, 491: 72–77.
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第十四章
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I 关于斯皮格曼怪的发现，参见：Spiegelman, S.; Haruna, I.; Holland, I. B.;et al.(1965). The synthesis of a self-propagating and infectious nucleic acid with a purified enzyme.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 54(3)
:919–927。
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II 重现斯皮格曼怪的论文，参见：Oehlenschläger, F.; Eigen, M.(1997). 30 Years Later – a new approach to sol spiegelman’s and leslie orgel’s in vitro EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES dedicated to leslie orgel on the occasion of his 70th birthday.Origins oflife and evolution of the biosphere, 27: 437–457。
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III 关于RNA干扰机制的免疫功能，参见：Stram, Y.; Kuzntzova, L. (2006). Inhibition of viruses by RNA interference.Virus Genes, 32(3): 299–306; Blevins, T.; Rajeswaran, R.; Shivaprasad, P. V.; et al.(2006). Four plant Dicers mediate viral small RNA biogenesis and DNA virus induced silencing.Nucleic acids research, 34(21): 6233–46; Cerutti, H.; Casas-Mollano, J. A.(2006). On the origin and functions of RNA-mediated silencing: from protists to man.Current genetics, 50(2): 81–99.
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IV 关于病毒抑制宿主的RNA干扰的参考文献：Lucy, A. P.; Guo, Hui-Shan.; Li, Wan-Xiang;et al.(2000). Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing by a plant viral protein localized in the nucleus.The EMBO Journal, 19(7): 1672–80。
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V 迪纳的论文参见：Diener, T. O.(1989). Circular RNAs: relics of precellular evolution?.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 86(23)
:9370-9374。
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VI 弗洛雷斯的论文，参见：Flores, R.; Gago-Zachert, S.; Serra, P.; et al.(2014). Viroids: survivors from the RNA world?Annual review of microbiology, 68
:395-414。
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VII 关于类病毒的单系群问题，参见：Elena, S. F.; Dopazo, J.; de la Peña, M.; et al.(2001). Phylogenetic analysis of viroid and viroid-like satellite RNAs from plants: A reassessment.Journal of molecular evolution, 53: 155–159。
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VIII 沃森总结RNA世界假说发展状况的文献，参见：Gesteland, R. F.; Atkins, J. F.(eds.) (1993).The RNA World. NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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IX 关于类病毒复制机制，参见：Flores, R.; Gas, M.-E.; Molina-Serrano, D.; et al.(2009). Viroid replication: rolling-circles,enzymes and ribozymes.Viruses,1(2)
:317–334; Flores, R.; Hernández, C.; Martínez de Alba, A. E.; et al.(2005). Viroids and viroid-host interactions.Annual review of phytopathology, 43
:117-139.
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X 关于转运RNA连接酶闭合类病毒，参见：Nohales, M.-A.; Molina-Serrano, D.; Flores, R.; et al.(2012). Involvement of the chloroplastic isoform of tRNA ligase in the replication of viroids belonging to the family avsunviroidae.Journal of virology, 86(15): 8269-8276。
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第十五章
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I 关于RNA基因组尺寸，参见：Burrell, C. J.; Howard, C. R.; Frederick A. Murphy, F. A.( 2016).Fenner and White’s Medical Virology(5th Edition). Academic Press。
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II 关于基因组带有RNA的大肠杆菌，参见：Mehta, A. P.; Wang, Yiyang; Reed, S. A.; et al.(2018). Bacterial Genome Con taining Chimeric DNA–RNA Sequences.Journal of the American chemical society, 140(36): 11464-11473。
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III 关于逆转录酶与RNA聚合酶的相似性，参见：Gupta. S. P. (eds.)(2019).Viral polymerases: Structures, functions androles as antiviral drug targets. Academic Press, 1-42。
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IV 关于福泰尔的DNA酶系统起源假说，参见：Forterre, P.(2001). Genomics and early cellular evolution. The origin of the DNA world.Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences-Series III-Sciences de la Vie, 324(12): 1067–1076; Forterre, P.; Filée,J.; Myllykallio, H.( 2000-2013) Origin and evolution of DNA and DNA replication machineries. In
:Madame curie biosciencedatabase[Internet]. Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6360/; Forterre, P.( 2005). The two ages of the RNA world, and the transition to the DNA world: a story of viruses and cells.Biochimie, 87(9-10)
:793-803; For terre, P.; Krupovic, M.(2012). The origin of virions and virocells: The escape hypothesis revisited. In: Witzany G. (eds)Viruses: Essential agents of life. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4899-6_3。
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V 关于内源性逆转录病毒，参见：Voisset, C.; Blancher, A.; Perron, H.; et al.(1999). Phylogeny of a novel family of human endogenous retrovirus sequences, HERV-W, in humans and other primates.AIDS research and human retroviruses, 15(17): 1529–1533; Lavialle, C.; Cornelis, G.; Dupressoir, A.; et al.(2013). Paleovirology of ‘syncytins’, retroviral env genes exapted for a role in placentation.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 368 (1626): 20120507; Lander, E. S.; Linton, L. M.; Birren, B.; Nusbaum, C.(2001). International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial se quencing and analysis of the human genome.Nature, 409 (6822): 860–921。
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VI 关于噬菌体使用U碱基DNA，参见：Pérez‐Lago, L.; Serrano‐Heras, G.; Baños, B.; et al.(2011). Characterization of Bacillus subtilis uracil‐DNA glycosylase and its inhibition by phage φ29 protein p56.Molecular microbiology, 80(6)
:1657-66。
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VII 关于合成5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的酶的结构，参见：Song, H. K.; Sohn, S. H.; Suh, S. W.(1999). Crystal structure of deoxy cytidylate hydroxymethylase from bacteriophage T4, a component of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate-synthesizing com plex.The EMBO journal, 18(5)
:1104‐1113。
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VIII 关于5-羟甲基胞嘧啶出现在哺乳动物大脑中，参见：Kriaucionis, S.; Heintz, N.(2009). The nuclear DNA base 5-hy droxymethylcytosine is present in Purkinje neurons and the brain.Science, 324 (5929): 929–930。
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IX 关于对流式PCR，参见：Braun, D.; Goddard, N. L.; Libchaber, A.(2003). Exponential DNA replication by laminar con vection.Physical review letters, 91(15)
:158103。
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X 关于用乙醛等小分子从头合成DNA单体，参见：Teichert, J. S.; Kruse, F. M.; Trapp, O.(2019). Direct prebiotic pathway to DNA nucleosides.Angewandte chemie, 58(29)。
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XI 关于真核细胞RNA催化机制，参见：Torrents, E.(2014). Ribonucleotide reductases: essential enzymes for bacterial life.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 4
:52。
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