打字猴:1.7006493e+09
1700649300
1700649301 关于猴子版的HIV非凡控制,Mamu-A*01对偶基因的出现能够保护灵长类免于SIV的感染,详见:“Mamu-A*01 allele-mediated attenuation of disease progression in simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection,” Journal of Virology 76(2002).
1700649302
1700649303 关于控制着HIV,且位于HLA-B基因沟中的特定氨基酸,详见:“The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation,” Science 330(2010).
1700649304
1700649305 关于HLA-B*57与银屑病之关联的探讨,详见:“HLA-B57 is significantly associated with psoriasis in Northeast Romania,” Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 61(2002).
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1700649307 12 躲藏起来的疗法
1700649308
1700649309 关于医学院毕业生担任家庭医生的比例,详见:“Entry of US medical school graduates into family medicine residencies,” Family Medicine 44(2012).
1700649310
1700649311 首篇探讨羟基脲临床表现的报告:“Hydroxyurea. a new type of potential antitumor agent,” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 6(1963).
1700649312
1700649313 关于美国食品药品管理局所核准的羟基脲的基本作用机制和治疗疾病,详载于在市面贩卖的爱治,也就是羟基脲胶囊的商品说明上。此为美国药典出版,百时美施贵宝出品。
1700649314
1700649315 13 第二次确诊
1700649316
1700649317 在美国,2006—2010年,确诊了急性骨髓性白血病(AML)的成年患者,其5年存活率仅有25%。而复发的患者其5年存活率仅有11%。此报告由国家癌症研究所公布于:SEER cancer statistics review,1975-2010 (2012).
1700649318
1700649319 关于AML如何侵入组织,及其在临床上造成的效果的一篇回顾:“Acute myeloid leukaemia in adults,” Lancet 381(2013).
1700649320
1700649321 关于AML中可能发生的免疫抑制现象的讨论,详见:“Commentary:does immune suppression increase risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia?” Leukemia 26(2012).
1700649322
1700649323 关于造血干细胞的更多细节,详见:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology ,edited by Motonari Kondo(Humana Press,2010).
1700649324
1700649325 关于异体干细胞的移植,详见:“Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia when a matched related donor is not available,” Hematology 2008(2008).
1700649326
1700649327 利用CXCR4的HIV病毒株在感染进程中较晚出现,关于此现象详见:“The HIV co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 are differentially expressed and regulated on human T lymphocytes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(1997).
1700649328
1700649329 关于CXCR4病毒株的致病机制,详见:“Phenotypic and genotypic comparisons of CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 biological clones isolated from subtype C-infected individuals,” Journal of Virology 78(2004).
1700649330
1700649331 关于CXCR4的缺失在鼠科动物的胎儿上具致死性,详见:“Mechanism of human stem cell migration and repopulation of NOD/SCID and B2mnull NOD/SCID mice. The role of SDF-1/CXCR4 interactions,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ,938(2001).而缺乏CCR5的个体则可存活,详见:“Mice with a selective deletion of the CC chemokine receptors 5 or 2 are protected from dextran sodium sulfate-mediated colitis:lack of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression results in a NK1.1+ lymphocyte-associated Th2-type immune response in the intestine,” Journal of Immunology 164(2000).
1700649332
1700649333 一篇关于移植物抗宿主病的回顾:“Concise review:acute graft-versus-host disease:immunobiology,prevention,and treatment,” Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2(2013).
1700649334
1700649335 更多关于德国骨髓捐赠者登记机构及德国的干细胞移植情况,可参见:http://www.zkrd.de/en/index.php.
1700649336
1700649337 通过美国国家骨髓捐赠程序对数据的累积与分析,骨髓相似度的配对已获成功,以上信息都可参照http://marrow.org/Home.aspx网站中的内容。
1700649338
1700649339 考虑Delta32突变出现的年代,可以假设该突变在西欧人中之所以如此常见恐与腺鼠疫有关,此假设首见于:“Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes,” American Journal of Human Genetics 62(1998).此理论颇具争议。而其他尝试再现缺陷小鼠的选择压力的研究,也彼此不一致。详见:“Evolutionary genetics:CCR5 mutation and plague protection,” Nature 427(2004);“Evolutionary genetics:ambiguous role of CCR5 in Y. pestis infection,” Nature 430(2004);“The evolutionary history of the CCR5-Delta32 HIV-resistance mutation,” Microbes and Infection ,7(2005);“The Black Death and AIDS:CCR5 Δ32 in genetics and history,” Quarterly Journal of Medicine 99(2006).
1700649340
1700649341 关于人类最早的一个突变,详见:“Adaptive Evolution of the FADS Gene Cluster within Africa,” PLoS One 9(2012).
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1700649343 14 同情用药豁免
1700649344
1700649345 同情用药豁免,详见于美国食品药品管理局于国会听证会的陈词中:Availability of Loathing:Rants and Raves of a Rag(I)Investigational Drugs for Compassionate Use by Robert Temple(June 20,2001).
1700649346
1700649347 根据美国疾控中心的统计调查,美国国内44%的HIV阳性男性患者并不知道他们已患病:“Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men—21 cities,United States,2008,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 59(2010).
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1700649349 15 三种致命疾病进场
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