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[7] Shogimen, T. (2009), in C. Nederman and T. Shogimen (eds.), Western Political Thought in Dialogue with Asia (Plymouth: Lexington), pp. 279–300.
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[8] Sanchez, G. and Meltzer, E. (2012), The Edwin Smith Papyrus: Updated Translation of the Trauma Treatise and Modern Medical Commentaries (Atlanta: Lockwood Press); Finger, S. (2000), Minds Behind the Brain: A History of the Pioneers and Their Discoveries (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
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[9] 1979年，朱利安·杰恩斯（Julian Jaynes）发表了The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind。在该书中，他引用了荷马所著的《伊利亚特》中的证据，提出意识是大约4000年前社会复杂性的产物。杰恩斯声称，人们在此之前是通过神的声音来体验意识的。无论是《伊利亚特》还是古希腊社会，都不能代表整个地球上世世代代的人类体验的总和，而且这两者也不支持杰恩斯的论点。狩猎采集者是人类历史的绝对主角，他们无论在过去还是现在，都跟你和我一样具有意识。见：Jaynes, J. (1979), The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (Harmondsworth
:Penguin); Greenwood, V. (2015), Nautilus https://tinyurl.com/Jaynes-Bicameral。
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[10] Lloyd, G. (1991), in G. Lloyd (ed.), Methods and Problems in Greek Science
:Selected Papers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 164–98; Doty, R. (2007), Neuroscience 147: 561–8.
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[11] 这个学派也被称为“希波克拉底学派”。——译者注
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[12] Temkin, O. (1971), The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy from the Greeks to the Beginnings of Modern Neurology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), pp. 5–10.
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[13] Gross, C. (2009), A Hole in the Head: More Tales in the History of Neuroscience (London: MIT Press), p. 26.
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[14] 卡帕多西亚是历史上的一个地区名，大致位于今天的土耳其东南部。——译者注
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[15] Temkin (1971).
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[16] Lisowski, F. (1967), in D. Brothwell and A. Sanderson (eds.), Diseases in Antiquity
:A Survey of the Diseases, Injuries and Surgery of Early Populations (Springfield
:Thomas), pp. 651–72; Gross, C. (2002a), in R. Arnott, et al. (eds.), Trepanation
:History, Discovery, Theory (Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger), pp. 307–22.
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[17] Gross, C. (1995), The Neuroscientist 1: 245–50.
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[18] Von Staden, E. (1989), Herophilus: The Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 26; Lang, P. (2013), Medicine and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt (Leiden: Brill), p. 258.
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[19] French, R. (2003), Medicine Before Science: The Business of Medicine from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 30–31.
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[20] Boudon-Millot, V. (2012), Galien de Pergame (Paris: Les Belles Lettres).
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[21] Gill, C., et al. (2009), in C. Gill, et al. (eds.), Galen and the World of Knowledge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 1–18, p. 6.
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[22] Gleason, M. (2009), in C. Gill, et al. (eds.), Galen and the World of Knowledge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 85–114, p. 112; Rocca, J. (2003), Galen on the Brain: Anatomical Knowledge and Physiological Speculation in the Second Century A.D. (Leiden: Brill).
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[23] 下面的这些引述来自Gleason (2009), pp. 99–102。
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[24] Gleason (2009), p. 100.
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[25] 天宫图是占星学中表示日、月、行星以及黄道十二宫和中天位置的图。——译者注
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[26] Al-Khalili, J. (2010), Pathfinders: The Golden Age of Arab Science (London: Allen Lane).
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[27] Frampton, M. (2008), Embodiments of Will: Anatomical and Physiological Theories of Voluntary Animal Motion from Greek Antiquity to the Latin Middle Ages, 400 BC –AD 1300 (Saarbruck: Verlag Dr. Müller), p. 370.
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[28] Micheau, F. (1994), in C. Burnett and D. Jacquart (eds.), Constantine the African and‘Alī ibn al-’Abbās Mağūsī: The Pantegni and Related Texts (London: Brill), p. 15. See Kwakkel, E. and Newton, S. (2019), Medicine at Monte Cassino: Constantine the African and the Oldest Manuscript of his Pantegni (Turnhout: Brepols).
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[29] 本条和下一条引述来自Frampton (2008), pp. 335, 339。
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[30] “动物”（animal）这个词和“有活力的”（animated）这个词有相同的词根，所以“动物精气”指的是运动的源头。
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[31] Green, C. (2003), Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 39: 131–42.
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