1701050010
1701050011
1701050012
14.用反证法.如果则可得出从而而n>1时,Sn-1单连通,S1不单连通,矛盾.
1701050013
1701050014
1701050015
15.用反证法.若则D2{O}同胚于Dn去掉一点,后者单连通,前者不单连通,矛盾.
1701050016
1701050017
16.不妨设l是z轴,则E3l以E2{O}为形变收缩核.
1701050018
1701050019
§5
1701050020
1701050021
3.设En{x1,x2,…,xm}=Xm.作xm的球形邻域B(xm,ε),使得它不含x1,…,xm-1,则Xm-1=Xm∪B(xm,ε),Xm∩B(xm,ε)=B(xm,ε){xm}是单连通的.用Van-Kampen定理,得到
1701050022
1701050023
1701050024
∀m∈N.
1701050025
1701050026
1701050027
于是平凡.
1701050028
1701050029
4.(1)同构于Z*Z*Z;
1701050030
1701050031
(2)同构于Z*Z;
1701050032
1701050033
(3)同构Z*Z*Z*Z.
1701050034
1701050035
5.(1)同构于Z*Z;
1701050036
1701050037
(2)同构于Z*Z*Z*Z*Z;
1701050038
1701050039
(3)同构于Z*Z*Z*Z.
1701050040
1701050041
6.同构于Z3=Z/3Z.
1701050042
1701050043
8.(1)作收缩映射r∶E2→D2为
1701050044
1701050045
1701050046
1701050047
1701050048
1701050049
1701050050
则rf∶D2→D2有不动点,不难验证当rf(x)=x时,f(x)=x.
1701050051
1701050052
1701050053
(2)作r如(1),则rf有不动点,且不动点不在S1上,从而也必是f的不动点.
1701050054
1701050055
(3)用反证法.若f无不动点,则可作g∶D2→S1为
1701050056
1701050057
1701050058
1701050059
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