打字猴:1.70105001e+09
1701050010
1701050011
1701050012 14.用反证法.如果则可得出从而而n>1时,Sn-1单连通,S1不单连通,矛盾.
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1701050015 15.用反证法.若则D2{O}同胚于Dn去掉一点,后者单连通,前者不单连通,矛盾.
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1701050017 16.不妨设l是z轴,则E3l以E2{O}为形变收缩核.
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1701050019 §5
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1701050021 3.设En{x1,x2,…,xm}=Xm.作xm的球形邻域B(xm,ε),使得它不含x1,…,xm-1,则Xm-1=Xm∪B(xm,ε),Xm∩B(xm,ε)=B(xm,ε){xm}是单连通的.用Van-Kampen定理,得到
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1701050023
1701050024 ∀m∈N.
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1701050026
1701050027 于是平凡.
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1701050029 4.(1)同构于Z*Z*Z;
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1701050031 (2)同构于Z*Z;
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1701050033 (3)同构Z*Z*Z*Z.
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1701050035 5.(1)同构于Z*Z;
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1701050037 (2)同构于Z*Z*Z*Z*Z;
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1701050039 (3)同构于Z*Z*Z*Z.
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1701050041 6.同构于Z3=Z/3Z.
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1701050043 8.(1)作收缩映射r∶E2→D2为
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1701050050 则rf∶D2→D2有不动点,不难验证当rf(x)=x时,f(x)=x.
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1701050053 (2)作r如(1),则rf有不动点,且不动点不在S1上,从而也必是f的不动点.
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1701050055 (3)用反证法.若f无不动点,则可作g∶D2→S1为
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