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(96) 这些讨论集中于当代资本主义内部的康德拉捷夫长波（Kondratieff waves）与空间经济内部的技术创新之间的因果关系。这些争论的理论来源显然不同, 关于相关评论, 参见van Juijn, The Long Wave in Economic Life, London, 1983。
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(97) Hägerstrand, T., Innovation Diffusion as a spatial Process, Chicago, 1967.
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(98) Hägerstrand, T., “The Domain of Human Geography” in Chorley, R. J., ed., Directions in Geography, London, 1973, pp. 78－79.
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(99) Hägerstrand, T., “The Domain of Human Geography” in Chorley, R. J., ed., Directions in Geography, London, 1973, p. 86; 关于“主导性计划”，也见Pred, A., “Social Reproduction and the Time-geography of Everyday Life,” Geografiska Annaler B, 1981, Vol. 63; Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48。
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(100) Hägerstrand, T., “Diorama, Path and Project,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1982, Vol. 73, p. 337.
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(101) Giddens, A., Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, London and Berkeley, 1979, p. 139; Giddens, A., The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies (2nd edn), London, 1981, p. 231; Carlstein, T., Time Resources, Society and Ecology, Vol. 1, Pre-industrial Societies, London, 1982; Gregory, D., “Solid Geometry: Notes on the Recovery of Spatial Structure”in Gould, P.and Olsson, G., eds., A Search for Common Ground, London, 1982, p. 196.
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(102) Giddens, A., Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, London and Berkeley, 1979; Giddens, A., The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies (2nd edn), London, 1981.
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(103) Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary” in Buttimer, A., Values in Geography(Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, pp. 53－54. 也见Buttimer, A., Values in Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974；关于他对时间地理学的看法，参见Buttimer, A., “Grasping the Dynamism of the Life World,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1976, Vol. 66, pp. 277－292。Hägerstrand后来记述，“Buttimer明确告诉我, 我描述的世界使她想起了一种死亡之舞（danse macabre）”: Hägerstrand, T., “In Search for the Sources of Concepts” in Buttimer, A., ed., The Practice of Geography, 1983, p. 254。
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(104) Hägerstrand, T., “Diorama, Path and Project,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1982, Vol. 73, pp. 323－324; Buttimer, A., Values in Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, p. 61.
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(105) Giddens, A., New Rules of Sociological Method, London, 1976, p. 156.
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(106) Hägerstrand, T., “Diorama, Path and Project,”Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1982, Vol. 73, p. 323.
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(107) Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 67.
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(108) Sartre, J. -P., Critique of Dialectical Reason, London, 1976, p. 285.
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(109) Eyles, J., “Why Geography Cannot be Marxist: Towards an Understanding of Lived Experience,” Environment and Planning A, 1981, Vol. 13, pp. 1383－1384; 参见Aronson, R., Sartre: Philosophy in the world, London, 1980, pp. 259ff。
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(110) Sartre, J. -P., Critique of Dialectical Reason, London, 1976, p. 123.
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(111) Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 96.
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(112) 最为重要的反对意见可能是：“萨特的视角关注微观世界，因此没有使我们看清社会转型”(Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 102)。Giddens (Giddens, A., A Contem porary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, p. 196)声称“社会的发展”也能够被设想为一系列相互交叉的“时空路径”，而它们的交叉可以从地形构造方面呈现出来，但他在“适应这一目标”的同时仍然对Hägerstrand的“特殊呈现技术”态度暧昧。但是，任何这类拓展都会存在实际的困难；Giddens将这些“时空边缘”说成是“不同层级社会组织的交叉”，说成是“社会转型”的坐标轴——这距离传统的自主观念和依赖观念只有一小步。
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(113) 最为显著的差异是，萨特的著述完全没有涉及“生态问题”（Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 75）。
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(114) Hägerstrand, T., “Diorama, Path and Project,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1982, Vol. 73, pp. 324－325.“他异性”被定义为“一种分离关系，与相互性形成对照”（Sartre, J. -P., Critique of Dialectical Reason, London, 1976, p. 827）。
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(115) Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48, p. 5fn; Pred, A., “Social Reproduction and the Time-geography of Everyday Life,” Geografiska Annaler B, 1981, Vol. 63, p. 31.
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(116) Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 74.
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(117) Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary” in Buttimer, A., Valuesin Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, p. 54.
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(118) Bhaskar, R., A Realist Theory of Social Science, Brighton and Atlantic Highlands, 1978, p. 54; 也见Bhaskar, R., The Possibility of Naturalism: a Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, Brighton, 1979。Agnew已经表明，近来对于扩散理论的批评暗含了一种从工具主义（它与经验主义的关系极其密切）向实在论的转变，但是其纲领性的评论几乎没有谈及这种转变对于人文地理学或社会理论的更为广泛而深刻的含义: Agnew, J. S., “Instrumentalism Realism and Research on Diffusion of Innovation,” Professional Geographer, 1979, Vol. 31, pp. 364－370。也请参见Williams, S., “Realism, Marxism and Human Geography,” Antipode, 1981, Vol. 13（2）, pp. 31－38。
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(119) Sayer, A., “Explanation in Economic Geography: Abstraction versus Generalisation,” Progress in Human Geography, 1982, Vol. 6, pp. 69－72.
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(120) Gould, P., “Is it Necessary to Choose? Some Technical, Hermeneutic and Emancipatory Thoughts on Inquiry” in Gould, P. and Olsson, G., eds., A Search for Common Ground, London, 1982; Gaspar, J. and Gould, P., “The Cova da Beira: an Applied Structural Analysis of Agriculture and Communication” in Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48.
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