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38. Hochschild with Machung, The Second Shift , 1.
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39. 例如，这位博主就列出了很多帮职场妈妈更好地平衡工作与生活的应用软件：Cindy Goodman, “Working Mothers Share Best Apps for Work Life Balance,” Miami Herald , July 5, 2014, http://miamiherald.typepad.com/worklifebalancingact/2014/05/working-mothers-share-best-apps-for-work-life-balance.html; 另见Elena Prokopets, “14 Smart Apps to Improve Your Work/Life Balance,” Lifehack,http://www.lifehack.org/275194/14-smart-apps-improve-your-worklife-balance (accessed June 13, 2018)。
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40. Kelli Orrella, “6 Top Apps to Help Make Work Life Balance a Reality (Not Just a Fantasy),” Working Mother , January 27, 2016, http://www.workingmother.com/6-top-apps-to-help-make-work-life-balance-reality-not-just-fantasy.
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41. Shani Orgad, “The Cruel Optimism of The Good Wife : The Fantastic Working Mother on the Fantastical Treadmill,” Television and New Media 18, no. 2 (2017): 165-183.
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42. Orgad, “Cruel Optimism.”
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43. Sandberg, Lean In , 113.
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44. 这类说法基本上都建立在异性恋标准上，因此这里女人的伴侣指男人。
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45. Jonathan Scourfield and Mark Drakeford, “New Labour and the ‘Problem of Men,’” Critical Social Policy 22, no. 4 (2002): 619–640.
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46. Ad Council, US Department of Health and Human Services, and National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse, “A Message to Fathers across America: Take Time to Be a Dad Today,” PR Newswire , June 18, 2015, http://www.multivu.com/players/English/7552651-ad-council-fatherhood-psa/; Gaby Hinsliff, “I Don’t Know How He Does It! Meet the New Superdads,” Guardian , July 18, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jul/18/do-it-all-dads-men-career-family-friends; Jane Levere, “Ads Urge Fathers to ‘Take Time’ to Be a Dad,” New York Times , October 18, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/19/business/media/19adnewsletter1.html.
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47. 碧浪洗衣粉（Ariel）2016年在印度发布的一则广告中——该广告因谢丽尔·桑德伯格而得到疯狂点赞和转发——一位父亲为自己没给女儿树立分担家务的好爸爸榜样而向女儿道歉。因为他看到作为年轻职业妇女的女儿，在婚姻关系中重现了类似的家庭不平等——女婿完全不分担家务。然而，即便是在这则较为进步地审视了家务分工不平等问题的广告中，那名男士也只是向女儿道歉，而不是妻子。此外，在“老式”的“东方”家庭背景下审视这一问题，貌似“稳妥”一些。尚未出现以美国或英国白人中产阶级家庭为背景的类似广告。Sophie Haslett, “Share the Load, Men!” Daily Mail , March 2, 2016, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3472171/Ariel-India-advert-encourgaing-men-Share-Load-goes-viral.html.
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48. Office for National Statistics, “Women Shoulder the Responsibility of ‘Unpaid Work,’” November 10, 2016, https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/womenshouldertheresponsibilityofunpaidwork/2016-11-10.
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49. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “American Time Use Survey: Household Activities,” 2016, https://www.bls.gov/tus/charts/household.htm.
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50. 很显然，这类话语都建立在主流的异性恋规范框架上。
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51. Anne-Marie Slaughter, Unfinished Business: Women, Men, Work, Family (London: Oneworld, 2015), 161, 169.
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52. Slaughter, Unfinished Business , 155.
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53. Catherine Hakim, Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century: Preference Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
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54. Rottenberg, “The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism,” 152–153; 强调为原文所加。
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55.The Modern Families Index 2018 , Working Families, 5, https://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/publications/mfindex2018/.
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56. 例如斯劳特指出，即使公司支持弹性工作制，员工往往也不会去申请，因为在职场文化和规范的约束下，“申请弹性办公以调和工作与生活，无异于宣称自己没有同事那么在乎工作。”——好几位受访者都证实了这一点，尤其是那些在企业的法务和财务部门工作的。Slaughter, Unfinished Business , 62.
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57. 2018年一项英国在职父母的调查发现，家长们认为、同时也发现母亲离职或请假去处理育儿问题比父亲更合适，而且他们相信，自己的雇主也是这样期望的。Modern Families Index 2018 , 19.
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58. Angela McRobbie, The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change (London: Sage, 2009), 80-81.
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59. 英国和美国的公共政策都深化了妇女为儿童照护主力的观念。Sandberg, Lean In , 107.
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60. 例如，Heather L. Hundley and Sara Hayden, Mediated Moms: Contemporary Challenges to the Motherhood Myth (New York: Peter Lang, 2016). 米歇尔·福柯正常化的概念就尤为有力地解释了通过规定何为正常、何为异常来进行管制的力量。正如罗莎琳德·吉尔在《性别与传媒》（Gender and the Media ）中指出的：“这一步步的正常化，影响到我们私人生活的方方面面。”Gill, Gender and the Media , 64.
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61. Sarah Macharia, Who Makes the News? Global Media Monitoring Project 2015 , World Association for Christian Communication, http://cdn.agilitycms.com/who-makes-the-news/Imported/reports_2015/global/gmmp_global_report_en.pdf, p. 8.
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62. Macharia, Who Makes the News? 9.
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