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63. Cristal Williams Chancellor, Diahann Hill, Katti Gray, Cindy Royal, and Barbara Findlen, The Status of Women in the US Media 2017 , Women’s Media Center, http://wmc.3cdn.net/10c550d19ef9f3688f_mlbres2jd.pdf.
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64. Cécile Guillaume and Sophie Pochic, “What Would You Sacrifice? Access to Top Man-agement and the Work–Life Balance,” Gender, Work & Organization 16, no. 1 (2009): 14-36.
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65. Lauren G. Berlant, Cruel Optimism (Durham, NC/London: Duke University Press, 2011).
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66. Berlant, Cruel Optimism , 166.
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第3章 甜心妈咪 vs. 家庭CEO
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1. 罗伯托只称“我妻子”而不呼其名，呼应了戈夫曼的观点：“只用某人的妻子来称呼一个女人，是把她放在了一个类别里。虽然那个类别眼下只指她一个人，但总归是个群体，而她只是其中一员……类别的核心在于，我们对于她作为‘妻子’群体一员的行为和本性，有一系列社会标准的期望。”Ervin Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (London: Penguin, 1990 [1963]), 70.
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2. Wednesday Martin, “Poor Little Rich Women,” New York Times , May 16, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/opinion/sunday/poor-little-rich-women.html.
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3. Susan Faludi, Backlash: The Undeclared War against Women (London: Chatto & Windus, 1992), 70–71. 关于维多利亚时代对妇女当全职太太和妈妈的美化，参见Eli Zaretsky, Capitalism, the Family and Personal Life (London: Pluto, 1976)。
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4. Faludi, Backlash , 106; 讨论施瓦茨文章发表后的媒体热潮，以及《三十而立》（Thirtysomething ）等热门电视剧对全职妈妈的描绘，另见Susan Douglas and Meredith W. Michaels, The Mommy Myth: The Idealization of Motherhood and How It Has Undermined All Women (New York: Free Press, 2004)。
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5. Felice Schwartz, “Management Women and the New Facts of Life,” Harvard Business Review (January-February 1989), https://hbr.org/1989/01/management-women-and-the-new-facts-of-life.
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6. Douglas and Michaels, Mommy Myth , 207; Kathryn A. Cady, “Flexible Labor: A Femi-nist Response to Late Twentieth-century Capitalism?” Feminist Media 13, no. 3 (2013): 395–414.
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7. Catherine Hakim Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century: Preference Theory , (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
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8. Hakim, Work-Lifestyle Choice , 161. 对哈基姆理论的详细批判，参见Mary Leahy and James Doughney, “Women, Work and Preference Formation: A Critique of Catherine Hakim’s Preference Theory,” Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics 1, no. 1 (2014): 37–48; Patricia Lewis and Ruth Simpson, “Hakim Revisited: Preference, Choice and the Postfeminist Gender Regime,” Gender, Work & Organization 24, no. 2 (2017): 115–133; Susan McRae, “Constraints and Choices in Mothers’ Employment Careers: A Consideration of Hakim’s Preference Theory.” British Journal of Sociology 54, no. 3 (2003): 317–338。
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9. Lisa Belkin, “The Opt-Out Revolution,” New York Times Magazine , October 26, 2003, 42–47, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/26/magazine/the-opt-out-revolution.html.
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10. Pamela Stone, Opting Out? Why Women Really Quit Careers and Head Home (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 4.
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11. Arielle Kuperberg and Pamela Stone, “The Media Depiction of Women Who Opt Out,” Gender & Society 22, no. 4 (2008): 503.
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12. Kuperberg and Stone, “Media Depiction,” 506.
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13. Kuperberg and Stone, “Media Depiction,” 512.
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14. Daisy Sands, “The Impact of Austerity on Women,” (London: Fawcett Society, 2012). 2017年英国下议院图书馆（UK House of Commons Library）实施的一项研究显示，自2010年来，妇女承担了86%的财政紧缩负担。参见Heather Stewart, “Women Bearing 86 percent of Austerity Burden, Commons Figures Reveal,” Guardian , March 9, 2017。
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15. Shani Orgad and Sara De Benedictis, “The ‘Stay-At-Home’ Mother, Postfeminism and Neoliberalism: Content Analysis of UK News Coverage,” European Journal of Communication 30, no. 4 (2015): 418–436.
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16. Orgad and De Benedictis, “The ‘Stay-At-Home’ Mother.”
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17. 参见Peter Dominiczak, “We Have Done Enough for ‘Admirable’ Stay-at-Home Parents, Insists Clegg,” Daily Telegraph , March 29, 2013.
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18. 例如，参见Kim Akass, “Motherhood and Myth-Making: Dispatches from the Frontline of the US Mommy Wars,” Feminist Media Studies 12, no. 1 (2012): 137–141. 阿卡斯认为，经济衰退时期英国和美国的新闻报道和大众媒体再现推动了性别歧视的反弹，恢复了旧式男人养家糊口/女人照顾家小的家庭模式，还强调女人是“自愿回归‘传统’家庭角色的”。另见Kim Akass, “Gendered Politics of a Global Recession: A News Media Analysis,” Studies in the Maternal 4, no. 2 (2012): 2。
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19. Diane Negra and Yvonne Tasker, Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014). 另见Rebecca Bramall, The Cultural Politics of Austerity: Past and Present in Austere Times (Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies, 2013)中对“怀念艰苦岁月”（austerity nostalgia）的讨论。
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20. 关于把工人阶级母亲悲惨化的论述，参见Angela McRobbie, “Feminism, the Family and the New ‘Mediated’ Maternalism,” New Formations 80 (2013): 119–137; Jessica Ringrose and Valerie Walkerdine, “Regulating the Abject,” Feminist Media Studies 8, no. 3 (2008): 227–246。
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