1702398100
1702398101
17. 注意2017年英国国家统计局数据是指16—64岁妇女，而2015年美国劳工部数据指的是16岁以上的妇女。Office for National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin: UK Labour Market: August 2017, http://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/uklabourmarket/latest (accessed 9 July, 2018); US Department of Labor, “Women in the Labor Force”, 2017, http://www.dol.gov/wb/stats/stats_data.htm (accessed 9 July, 2018); US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Women in the Labor Force: A Databook (Washington, DC: United States Department of Labor, 2017), https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/womens-databook/2016/pdf/home.pdf (accessed 9 July, 2018).
1702398102
1702398103
18. 数据源于吉利恩·波尔为本研究对1996—2017年劳动力调查数据所做的分析。劳动人口指所有有偿工作者，包括职工和自营职业者。就业率仅指16—64岁的母亲和父亲。
1702398104
1702398105
19. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employment Characteristics of Families Summary,” 2017, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/famee.nr0.htm.
1702398106
1702398107
20. Hochschild with Machung, The Second Shift , 4.
1702398108
1702398109
21. Catherine Rottenberg, “The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism,” Cultural Studies 28, no. 3 (2014): 151.
1702398110
1702398111
22. Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead (London: WH Allen, 2013), 49.
1702398112
1702398113
23. 工人阶级的单身妈妈在20世纪八九十年代的美国流行文化中则被描绘成完全不同的形象，通常是反叛式的。例如，广受欢迎的情景喜剧《罗斯安家庭生活》就讲述了一位工人阶级母亲别无选择，只能一边工作一边抚养孩子，“日复一日地沉湎于当母亲的浪漫幻想中”（Susan Douglas and Meredith W. Michaels, The Mommy Myth: The Idealization of Motherhood and How It Has Undermined All Women , New York: Free Press, 2004, 206）。类似地，情景喜剧《墨菲·布朗》讲述了一位革命性职业妇女的故事，她决定生下私生子并独自养大，同时重回以前的调查记者和新闻主播工作。该剧1992年受到了副总统丹·奎尔（Dan Quayle）的著名批评，他说墨菲·布朗这个角色“通过一个人养孩子，还说不过是另一种‘生活方式的选择’，嘲讽了父亲的重要性”。参见Jacey Fortin, “That Time ‘Murphy Brown’ and Dan Quayle Topped the Front Page,” New York Times , January 26, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/26/arts/television/murphy-brown-dan-quayle.html。
1702398114
1702398115
24. Helena Morrissey, A Good Time to Be a Girl: Don’t Lean In, Change the System (London: William Collins, 2018).
1702398116
1702398117
25. Rottenberg, “Rise of Neoliberal Feminism,” 156. 另见Catherine Rottenberg, “Happiness and the Liberal Imagination: How Superwoman Became Balanced,” Feminist Studies 40, no. 1 (2014): 144–168。
1702398118
1702398119
26. Rottenberg, “Happiness and the Liberal Imagination,” 156.
1702398120
1702398121
27. Abigail Gregory and Susan Milner, “Editorial: Work–Life Balance: A Matter of Choice?” Gender, Work & Organization 16, no. 1 (2009): 1–13.
1702398122
1702398123
28. Gregory and Milner, “Work-Life Balance,” 4.
1702398124
1702398125
29. Gregory and Milner, “Work-Life Balance,” 2.
1702398126
1702398127
30. Kathryn A. Cady, “Flexible Labor: A Feminist Response to Late Twentieth-century Capitalism?” Feminist Media Studies 13, no. 3 (2013): 395–414; Melissa Gregg, “The Normalisation of Flexible Female Labour in the Information Economy,” Feminist Media Studies 8, no. 3 (2008): 285–299.
1702398128
1702398129
31. Gregg, “The Normalisation,” 287.
1702398130
1702398131
32. “Interview: Rebecca Asher, Producer and Writer,” The Scotsman , April 3, 2011, http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/books/interview-rebecca-asher-producer-and-writer-1-1572297; 另见Rebecca Asher, Shattered: Modern Motherhood and the Illusion of Equality (New York: Vintage, 2011), 6。
1702398132
1702398133
33. Gregg, “The Normalisation,” 287.
1702398134
1702398135
34. Gregory and Milner, “Work-Life Balance.”
1702398136
1702398137
35. Office for National Statistics, “Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings: 2016 Provisional Results, Labour Force Survey, Quarter 2 (April to June) 2016, Table EMP04, https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/bulletins/annualsurveyofhoursandearnings/2016provisio nalresults.
1702398138
1702398139
36. Amna Silim and Alfie Stirling, Women and Flexible Working: Improving Female Employment Outcomes in Europe , Institute for Public Policy Research, 2014, http://www.ippr.org/files/publications/pdf/women-and-flexible-working_Dec2014.pdf.
1702398140
1702398141
37. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey,” https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cpseea06.htm; figures are for July 2017.
1702398142
1702398143
38. Hochschild with Machung, The Second Shift , 1.
1702398144
1702398145
39. 例如，这位博主就列出了很多帮职场妈妈更好地平衡工作与生活的应用软件：Cindy Goodman, “Working Mothers Share Best Apps for Work Life Balance,” Miami Herald , July 5, 2014, http://miamiherald.typepad.com/worklifebalancingact/2014/05/working-mothers-share-best-apps-for-work-life-balance.html; 另见Elena Prokopets, “14 Smart Apps to Improve Your Work/Life Balance,” Lifehack,http://www.lifehack.org/275194/14-smart-apps-improve-your-worklife-balance (accessed June 13, 2018)。
1702398146
1702398147
40. Kelli Orrella, “6 Top Apps to Help Make Work Life Balance a Reality (Not Just a Fantasy),” Working Mother , January 27, 2016, http://www.workingmother.com/6-top-apps-to-help-make-work-life-balance-reality-not-just-fantasy.
1702398148
1702398149
41. Shani Orgad, “The Cruel Optimism of The Good Wife : The Fantastic Working Mother on the Fantastical Treadmill,” Television and New Media 18, no. 2 (2017): 165-183.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.7023981e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]