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24. Gitlin, in Mills, The Sociological Imagination .
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25. 此处部分借鉴了弗里丹的观点，她曾呼吁20世纪60年代的妇女拒绝“女性的奥秘”，拒绝实现丈夫的幻想。Friedan, Feminine Mystique , 288.
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26. Friedan, Feminine Mystique , 288.
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27. 对于眼下#MeToo运动引发的性别薪酬差距争论之局限性的批判看法，参见Tania Branigan, “Sorry, Chaps, but Denial Won’t Fix the Gender Pay Gap,” Guardian , March 24, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/24/gender-pay-gap-figures-inequality。
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28. 这一模式得到了其他研究的证实，显示异性恋家庭中的育儿分工一直存在着性别不平等。The Modern Families Index 2018 (London: Working Families, 2018), 27, https://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/publications/mfindex2018/.
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29. 例如，David Pedulla and Sarah Tbaud, “Can We Finish the Revolution? Gender, Work-Family Ideals, and Institutional Constraint,” American Sociological Review , 80, no. 1 (2015): 116–139; Scott Schieman, Leah Ruppanner, and Melissa A. Milkie, “Who Helps with Homework? Parenting Inequality and Relationship Quality among Employed Mothers and Fathers,” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 39, no. 1 (2018): 49–65; Ruti Galia Levtov, Gary Barker, Manuel Contreras-Urbina, Brian Heilman, and Ravi Verma, “Pathways to Gender-Equitable Men: Findings from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES),” Men and Masculinities 17, no. 5 (2014): 1-35.
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30. Charlotte Faircloth, “Intensive Fatherhood? The (Un)Involved Dad,” in Parenting Culture Studies , ed. E. Lee, J. Bristow, C. Faircloth, and J. Macvarish (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
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31. Tina Miller, “Falling Back into Gender? Men’s Narratives and Practices around First-Time Fatherhood,” Sociology 45, no. 6 (2011): 1094, cited in Faircloth, “Intensive Fatherhood?” 196.
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32. Schieman, Ruppanner, and Milkie, “Who Helps”; The Modern Families Index 2018 .
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33.The Modern Families Index 2018 ; Fatherhood Institute, “UK Mums and Dads Are Worst in Developed World at Sharing Childcare,” June 12, 2016, http://www.fatherhoodinstitute.org/2016/uk-mums-and-dads-are-worst-in-developed-world-at-sharing-childcare/.
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34.The Modern Families Index 2018 , 19.
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35. Kim Parker and Gretchen Livingston, “7 Facts about American Fathers,” June 15, 2017, Pew Research, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/15/fathers-day-facts/.
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36. Jack O’sullivan, “The ‘Dad Factor’—a Major Ingredient for Children’s Successful Learning,” Bold: Blog on Learning and Development , July 27, 2016, http://bold.expert/supporting-dads-is-key-to-improving-childrens-learning/.
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37. Sarah Gordon, “Few Families Opt for Shared Parental Leave,” Financial Times , September 17, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/2c4e539c-9a0d-11e7-a652-cde3f882dd7b.
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38. Zaretsky, Capitalism , 52, citing Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (New York: Doubleday, 1970), 105.
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39. Fraser, “Contradictions of Capital,” 117.
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40. 参见汉娜·哈马德对后女权时代父职发展变化的探讨：Hannah Hamad, Postfeminism and Paternity in Contemporary US Film: Framing Fatherhood (New York/London: Routledge, 2014); 另见Jan Moir, “Why Does TV Portray Every Dad as a Dimwit?” Daily Mail , June 13, 2013, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2340677/Why-does-TV-portray-dad-dimwit.html。
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41. 感谢阿斯特丽德·桑德斯（Astrid Sanders）就这一问题的法律层面给出参考意见。另见Xpert HR, “Is There Anything to Prevent an Employer Making Informal Enquiries of an Employee on Maternity Leave about Whether or Not She Intends to Return to Work?” n.d., http://www.xperthr.co.uk/faq/is-there-anything-to-prevent-an-employer-making-informal-enquiries-of-an-employee-on-maternity-leave-about-whether-or-not-she-intends-to-return-to-work/68326/ (accessed June 13, 2018)。
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42. Goldman, “The Tragedy of Women’s Emancipation,” 176.
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43. 《卫报》刊登的一封挑衅性的匿名信表达了某位丈夫类似的强烈不满，“他自己工作累得要死”，而妻子却“不肯找份工作”。值得注意的是，他对于自认为极度不平等的家庭关系和妻子安逸生活的怨恨和不满，是匿名后才表达出来的，而且只能匿名。这些强烈情绪是不能公开表露的。“A Letter to My Wife Who Won’t Get a Job While I Work Myself to Death,” Guardian , July 2, 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/jul/02/a-letter-to-my-wife-who-wont-get-a-job-while-i-work-myself-to-death.
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44. 第5章讨论过的埃米莉，也提到了类似的权衡，说自己“放弃工作，保全婚姻”。
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45. Hochschild with Machung, The Second Shift , 18.
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46. Viv Groskop, “Do Young Women Really Crave the 1950s?” Guardian , April 8, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/apr/08/do-young-women-really-crave-1950s.
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47. Stephanie Coontz, “Do Millennial Men Want Stay-at-Home Wives?” New York Times , March 31, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/opinion/sunday/do-millennial-men-want-stay-at-home-wives.html.
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48. Sarah Macharia, Who Makes the News? Global Media Monitoring Project 2015 (London: World Association for Christian Communication, 2015), 8, http://cdn.agilitycms.com/who-makes-the-news/Imported/reports_2015/global/gmmp_global_report_en.pdf.
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