打字猴:1.702910383e+09
1702910383
1702910384 [226]引自Joan Beaumont and Matthew Jordan, Australia and the World:A Festschrift for Neville Meaney(Sydney, Australia:Sydney University Press,2013),p.276。
1702910385
1702910386 [227]奥尔布赖特于1998年2月19日在国家广播公司的今日秀上发表了这一声明。
1702910387
1702910388 [228]Reinhold Niebuhr, The Irony of American History(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2008),p.71.
1702910389
1702910390 [229]这就是为什么政治哲学家约翰·邓恩(John Dunn)将民族主义描述为“20世纪最明显的政治耻辱,1900年以来世界历史上最深刻、最难以应付,但也是最出乎意料的污点”。John Dunn, Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future,2nd ed.(New York:Cambridge University Press,1993),p.59.
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1702910392 [230]Stephen Van Evera,“Hypotheses on Nationalism and War,”Interna-tional Security 18,no.4(Spring 1994):27.
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1702910394 [231]Geary, The Myth of Nations, p.15.这一现象的其他两个有用的来源是Christopher B.Krebs, A Most Dangerous Book:Tacitus’s Germania from the Roman Empire to the Third Reich(New York:Norton,2011);and Shlomo Sand, The Invention of the Jewish People, trans.Yael Lotan(London:Verso,2009)。
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1702910396 [232]Ernest Renan,“What Is a Nation?,”in On the Nation and the“Jewish People,”ed.Shlomo Sand, trans.David Fernbach(London:Verso,2010),p.45.
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1702910398 [233]C.Burak Kadercan,“Politics of Survival, Nationalism, and War for Territory:1648—2003”(PhD diss.,University of Chicago,2011);Tamar Meis-els, Territorial Rights,2nd ed.(Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Springer,2009);David Miller, Citizenship and National Identity(Malden, MA:Polity Press,2005);Margaret Moore, The Ethics of Nationalism(New York:Oxford Universi-ty Press,2001);Peter Sahlins, Boundaries:The Making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees(Berkeley:University of California Press,1991).
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1702910400 [234]Kadercan,“Politics of Survival Nationalism, and War for Territory.”当然,各民族仍然出于实际原因关注领土,尽管出于经济和安全原因,如今控制领土不如工业革命和核武器到来之前那么重要。但具有讽刺意味的是,民族主义时代的人们似乎比他们的前辈更关心领土,因为他们在情感层面上非常关心自己的祖国(第21页)。
1702910401
1702910402 [235]正如玛丽亚·格林贝格(Mariya Grinberg)所指出的,尽管主权的概念总是与国家联系在一起,但它也可以被用于其他政治形式。关键是,它只能适用于国际体系中最高层次的政治组织形式,无论是帝国、城邦还是其他任何形式。然而,在此的讨论仅限于国家,因为讨论的重点是民族主义,而民族主义与民族国家相一致。Grinberg,“Indivisible Sovereignty:Delegation of Authori-ty and Exit Option”(unpublished paper, University of Chicago, April 24,2017).
1702910403
1702910404 [236]Robert Jackson, Sovereignty:Evolution of an Idea(Malden, MA:Polity Press,2007),p.6.
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1702910406 [237]Jackson, Sovereignty, p.93.
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1702910408 [238]引自Bell, The Cult of the Nation in France, p.59。
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1702910410 [239]Jackson, Sovereignty, p.104.
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1702910412 [240]Carl Schmitt, Political Theology:Four Chapters on the Concept of Sov-ereignty, trans.George Schwab(Cambridge, MA:MIT Press,1988),pp.5—15.
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1702910414 [241]Bernard Yack,“Popular Sovereignty and Nationalism,”Political Theory 29,no.4(August 2001):518.
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1702910416 [242]这种根植于民族主义的民主冲动反映在勒南著名的评论中:“如果你能原谅我的这个比喻,一个国家的存在就是日常的公民投票。”Renan,“What Is a Nation?”p.64.也可参见Schnapper,“Citizenship and National Identity in Europe”;Liah Greenfield, Nationalism:Five Roads to Modernity(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1992);Yack,“Popular Sovereignty and Nation-alism”。格林菲尔德在第10页中写道:“主权在人民内部的定位,以及承认各阶层之间的基本平等,构成了现代民族思想的本质,同时也是民主的基本原则。民主天生就带有民族感。这两者是内在联系的,除此之外,两者都不能被完全理解。民族主义是民主在世界上出现的形式,它包含在民族的观念中,就像茧中的蝴蝶。最初,民族主义发展为民主,在这种原始发展的条件持续存在的情况下,两者之间的身份得以保持。”
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1702910418 [243]Maximilien Robes pierre,“Report on the Principles of Political Morali-ty,”French Revolution and Napoleon, http://www.indiana.edu/~b356/texts/polit-moral.html.
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1702910420 [244]Russell Hardin, One for All:The Logic of Group Conflict(Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press,1997);Mark Pagel, Wired for Culture:Origins of the Human Social Mind(New York:Norton,2012).
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1702910422 [245]Bernard Yack, Nationalism and the Moral Psychology of Community(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2012).
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1702910424 [246]Renan,“What Is a Nation?”p.63.
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1702910426 [247]民族主义有时被认为是宗教的替代品,在1648年的三十年战争结束后,宗教开始在欧洲失去影响力。在随后的几个世纪里,这一进程加速了。然而,这种观点是错误的。尽管宗教的影响力在这段时间内已经减弱,但它在本质上并没有消失。更重要的是,宗教实际上是民族文化的一个组成部分,在其中它有能力作为统一群体成员的强大力量。Ernest Barker, Christianity and Nationality:Being the Burge Memorial Lecture for the Year 1927(Oxford:Clar-endon Press,1927),p.31.其他显示宗教如何作为民族主义的力量倍增器的作品包括Samuel P.Huntington, Who Are We?The Challenges to American National Identity(New York:Simon&Schuster,2005);Marx, Faith in Nation。
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1702910428 [248]Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990—1992(Cambridge, A:Blackwell,1992),p.1.
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1702910430 [249]Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State(London:Verso,1980),p.20.
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1702910432 [250]Andreas Osiander, Before the State:Systemic Political Change in the West from the Greeks to the French Revolution(New York:Oxford University Press,2007),p.5.
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