1702910450
[259]Benjamin A.Valentino, Final Solutions：Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century（Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2004），pp.157—166.
1702910451
1702910452
[260]Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments：Colonial and Postco-lonial Histories（Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press，1993）；Partha Chat-terjee, The Black Hole of Empire：History of a Global Practice of Power（Prince-ton, NJ：Princeton University Press，2012）.
1702910453
1702910454
[261]Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism（Ithaca, NY：Cornell Universi-ty Press，1983），p.34.
1702910455
1702910456
[262]上段中所述的经济逻辑具有重要的军事后果。由于财富是军事力量的两个主要组成部分之一，因此任何增长经济的措施都有助于建设一支更强大的军队。参见John J.Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, up-dated ed.（New York：Norton，2014），chap.3。
1702910457
1702910458
[263]Barry R.Posen，“Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power，”International Security 18，no.2（Fall 1993）：85.
1702910459
1702910460
[264]在19世纪末和20世纪初，奥匈帝国军队的表现反映了由于拥有一个成员群体不完全融合的多民族国家而产生的消极后果。参见Gunther E.Rothenberg, The Army of Francis Joseph（West Lafayette, IN：Purdue University Press，1998），p.108；Spencer C.Tucker, The European Powers in the First World War：An Encyclopedia（New York：Garland Publishing，1996），p.86。也可参见Posen，“Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power”。
1702910461
1702910462
[265]戴维·贝尔（David Bell）解释了民族主义如何使法国领导人在七年战争（1756—1763年）、法国大革命和拿破仑战争（1792—1815年）期间比在前民族时代的战争中更容易动员民众。Bell, The Cult of the Nation in France, chap.3；David A.Bell, The First Total War：Napoleon’s Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Knew It（Boston：Houghton Mifflin，2007），chaps.4，6，7.也可参见Michael Howard, War in European History（New York：Oxford Universi-ty Press，2009），chap.6。
1702910463
1702910464
[266]Geoffrey Best, War and Society in Revolutionary Europe，1770—1870（London：Fontana Paperbacks，1982），p.30.
1702910465
1702910466
[267]引自J.F.C.Fuller, Conduct of War：1789—1961（London：Eyre and Spottiswoode，1961），p.46。也可参见Peter Paret，“Nationalism and the Sense of Military Obligation，”in Understanding War：Essays on Clausewitz and the History of Military Power, ed.Peter Paret（Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press，1993），pp.39—52。
1702910467
1702910468
[268]Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed.and trans.Michael Howard and Peter Paret（Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press，1976），p.592.
1702910469
1702910470
[269]Posen，“Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power.”
1702910471
1702910472
[270]Marx, Faith in Nation, p.9.
1702910473
1702910474
[271]James C.Scott, Seeing Like a State：How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed（New Haven, CT：Yale University Press，1998），pp.72，78.
1702910475
1702910476
[272]Judith N.Shklar, Political Thought and Political Thinkers, ed.Stanley Hoffmann（Chicago：University of Chicago Press，1998），p.4.也见Markus Fis-cher，“The Liberal Peace：Ethical, Historical, and Philosophical Aspects”（BC-SIA Discussion Paper 2000—2007，Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Uni-versity, April 2000），pp.22—27，56。
1702910477
1702910478
[273]Arch Puddington and Tyler Roylance，“Populists and Autocrats：The Dual Threatto Global Democracy，”in Freedom in the World，2017（Washington, DC：FreedomHouse，2017），p.4.
1702910479
1702910480
[274]Jeanne Morefield, Covenants without Swords：Idealist Liberalism and the Spirit of Empire（Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press，2005），p.208.
1702910481
1702910482
[275]Stephen Holmes, Passions and Constraint：On the Theory of Liberal De-mocracy（Chicago：University of Chicago Press，1995），p.39.
1702910483
1702910484
[276]Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship：A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights（New York：Oxford University Press，1995），pp.90—91.
1702910485
1702910486
[277]Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America：An Interpretation of A-merican Political Thought since the Revolution（New York：Harcourt Brace，1955）；Gunner Myrdal, An American Dilemma：The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy，2 vols.（New Brunswick, NJ：Transaction Publishers，1995，1996）；Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America and Two Essays on America, ed.Isaac Kramnick, trans.Gerald Bevan（New York：Penguin，2003）.要讨论这两本书与哈茨的《美国的自由主义传统》之间的相似之处，可参见Rogers M. Smith, Civic Ideals：Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U.S.History（New Ha-ven, CT：Yale University Press，1997），introduction and chap.1。
1702910487
1702910488
[278]Smith, Civic Ideals, p.14.
1702910489
1702910490
[279]Smith, Civic Ideals, p.6.
1702910491
1702910492
[280]Smith, Civic Ideals, p.9.
1702910493
1702910494
[281]Smith, Civic Ideals, pp.9—12，38—39.
1702910495
1702910496
[282]Huntington, Who Are We？；Lieven, America Right or Wrong.
1702910497
1702910498
[283]这段中的所有引用都出自David Armitage，“The Declaration of Inde-pendence：The Words Heard around the World，”Wall Street Journal, July 3，2014。有关这些观点的详细阐述，参见David Armitage, The Declaration of In-dependence：A Global History（Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press，2008）。
1702910499
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70291045e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]