1702914880
1702914881
[25] “Manifeste de la justice,de l’importance et de la necessite que trouve le Roi,notre Seigneur,pour s’opposer a l’agression de l’usurpateur Buonaparte,procurer le repos et la tranquillite a l’Europe,et proteger les droits de l’humanite et de la religion,de concert avec les Souverains qui ont donne a Vienne la declaration de 13 mars du cette annee,” in Louis XVIII of France. Declaration du Roi de France,adresse au peuple francais,suivie du manifeste de Ferdinand VII,Roi d’Espagne,publie a l’occasion de la guerre contre Buonaparte (Paris,1815),29.
1702914882
1702914883
[26] David A. Bell,The First Total War:Napoleon’s Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It (New York:Houghton Mifflin,2007),251,255.
1702914884
1702914885
[27] 文中对拿破仑的负面描述主要是来自反法同盟国的视角。最近对于拿破仑生平有了重新评价,该评价更为宽容,认为他将启蒙思想传播到整个欧洲,并消除了旧政权的压迫行为。请参阅Andrew Roberts,Napoleon:A Life (New York:Viking,2014),particularly,xxx-xli。
1702914886
1702914887
[28] Andrew Roberts,Napoleon:A Life (New York:Viking,2014),particularly,722.
1702914888
1702914889
[29] Andrew Roberts,Napoleon:A Life (New York:Viking,2014),particularly,723;Philip Dwyer,Citizen Emperor (New Haven:Yale University Press,2013),501.
1702914890
1702914891
[30] Philip Mansel,Monarchy and Exile:The Politics of Legitimacy from Marie de Medicis to Wilhelm II (New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2011),219.
1702914892
1702914893
[31] Bell,The First Total War,304.
1702914894
1702914895
[32] Roberts,Napoleon:A Life,732-36.
1702914896
1702914897
[33] Roberts,Napoleon:A Life,737,740;Michael John Thornton,Napoleon After Waterloo:England and the St. Helena Decision (Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1968),54.
1702914898
1702914899
[34] “Declaration at the Congress of Vienna (March 13,1815),” in Edward Baines,History of the Wars of the French Revolution,From the Breaking Out of the Wars in 1792,to,the Restoration of General Peace in 1815,Vol. 2 (London:Longman,Rees,Orme and Brown,1817),433.
1702914900
1702914901
[35] Digby George Smith,The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book (London:Greenhill Books,1998),539.
1702914902
1702914903
[36] Roberts,Napoleon:A Life,776.
1702914904
1702914905
[37] Roberts,Napoleon:A Life,776-77.
1702914906
1702914907
[38] Roberts,Napoleon:A Life,781-82.
1702914908
1702914909
[39] Anthony Mancini,“St. Helena,‘Cursed Rock’ of Napoleon’s Exile,” New York Times,May 29,2012.
1702914910
1702914911
[40] Anthony Mancini,“St. Helena,‘Cursed Rock’ of Napoleon’s Exile,” New York Times,May 29,2012.
1702914912
1702914913
[41] “Liverpool to Castlereagh,July 21,1815,” in Correspondence,Despatches and Other Papers of Viscount Castlereagh,Third Series,Military Diplomatic,ed. Charles William Vane,Vol. 2 (London:William Shoberl,1851),434;John Hall Stewart,“The Imprisonment of Napoleon:A Legal Opinion by Lord Eldon,” American Journal of International Law 45,no. 3 (1951):571-77.
1702914914
1702914915
[42] R. A. Melikan,“Caging the Emperor:The Legal Basis for Detaining Napoleon Bonaparte,” Legal History Review 67,no. 3 (1999):349-62;Stewart,“The Imprisonment of Napoleon,” 571-77.
1702914916
1702914917
[43] “An Act for the more Effectually Detaining in Custody Napoleon Buonaparte,” 56 GeorgeⅢ,c. 22 (1816).
1702914918
1702914919
[44] Sir Neil Campbell,Napoleon on Elba:Diary of an Eyewitness to Exile,ed. Jonathan North (Welwyn Garden City:Ravenhall,2004),172;Roberts,Napoleon:A Life,729-30.
1702914920
1702914921
[45]DJB,3.1.2.1.
1702914922
1702914923
[46]DJB,3.1.2.2.
1702914924
1702914925
[47]DJB,3.1.2.1.
1702914926
1702914927
[48] 格劳秀斯认为杀人许可权不仅保护受害者,也保护外部观察人士。因为如果在战争中杀人被当作谋杀来起诉,那么冲突的局外人就会面临强大的政治压力来起诉非正义一方,从而置自己于紧张局势之中。“对两国人民之间战争的正义性做出裁决对其他国家人民来说是危险的,他们因此卷入了一场外国战争。” DJB,3.4.4.
1702914928
1702914929
[49]DJB,3.4.4.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70291488e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]