打字猴:1.70291669e+09
1702916690
1702916691 [13] 只有三个国联成员国没有签署《非战公约》。它们是玻利维亚、萨尔瓦多和乌拉圭。参见“Participant Status,International Treaty for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy,” United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office,accessed January 14,2016,http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/treaties/treatyrecord.htm?tid= 1829;League of Nations Economic Intelligence Service,Statistical Year-Book of the League of Nations 1942/44 (Geneva:League of Nations,1945),291。
1702916692
1702916693 [14] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council on January 15,1930,” LNOJ,Vol. 11,No. 5 (May 1930),353.
1702916694
1702916695 [15] 凯洛格在外交关系委员会做了一次广为传播的演讲,他试图在这次演讲中解释这些问题。他通过引用英国对《国际联盟盟约》的理解来解释说:“即使《国际联盟盟约》第10条也被解释为国联成员并非因此必须使用军事力量。”参见Frank B. Kellogg,“The War Prevention Policy of the United States,” American Journal of International Law 22,no. 2 (April 1928):260。
1702916696
1702916697 [16] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,” 372. 其他缔约国所做的说明,“Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”,353-83;“Amendment of the Covenant of the League of Nations in Order to Bring It into Harmony with the Pact of Paris,” LNOJ,Vol. 12,No. 8 (August 1931),1596-1604。
1702916698
1702916699 [17] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,” 353. 委员会首先从英国代表团提出的修正案开始讨论,该修正案首先指出了这个问题。参见“Amendment of the Covenant of the League of Nations,” 1601。
1702916700
1702916701 [18] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,” 367. 德国代表是伯恩哈德·威廉·冯·布洛(Bernhard Wilhelm von Bulow)。
1702916702
1702916703 [19] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,” 354.
1702916704
1702916705 [20] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”357.
1702916706
1702916707 [21] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”353.
1702916708
1702916709 [22] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”370.
1702916710
1702916711 [23] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”376.
1702916712
1702916713 [24] 秘鲁代表团提供了一个可能的答案:如果国联不能登记“作为因违反《非战公约》而爆发的战争的后果而以武力强加的任何和平条约”,并且如果国联“认为它可能包含的任何条款均为无效,并将尽一切努力恢复被武力破坏的现状,那就修改《国际联盟盟约》”。参见“Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,” 364。各国对这一提议均保持沉默,可能是因为正如仅有的几个作出回应的代表之一所言,他的政府“尚没有做好准备考虑这样一种情况:国联在依据《国际联盟盟约》履行其职责时会如此失败,以至于使战争中的胜利者有可能违反《国际联盟盟约》而将一种蛮横的和平强加于被征服者身上”。“Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”379.
1702916714
1702916715 [25] Edwin L. James,“Germany Quits League;Hitler Asks ‘Plebiscite,’” New York Times,October 15,1933.
1702916716
1702916717 [26] 凯洛格当时担任国际法院法官,他坚持对日本违反《非战公约》做出回应。他给其继任者亨利·史汀生发电报说:“我认为向两国提出交涉是每一个《非战公约》缔约国的义务,同时也是每一个《四国条约》缔约国的义务。”参见Robert H. Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy,Vol. 6,Frank B. Kellogg;Henry L. Stimson (New York:Cooper Square Publishers,1963),133。他没有具体指出交涉什么,但潜台词很清楚:《非战公约》缔约国有义务以某种方式对这种公开和公然的违反条约的行为做出反应。
1702916718
1702916719 [27] David Schmitz,Henry Stimson:The First Wise Man (Wilmington:Scholarly Resources,2001),8;Godfrey Hodgson,The Colonel:The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson,1867-1950 (New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1990),15.
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1702916721 [28] Schmitz,Henry Stimson,11.
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1702916723 [29] Hodgson,The Colonel,13.
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1702916725 [30] Hodgson,The Colonel,17.
1702916726
1702916727 [31] Hodgson,The Colonel,16.
1702916728
1702916729 [32] Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State,161-63.
1702916730
1702916731 [33] Richard N. Current,Secretary Stimson:A Study in Statecraft (New Brunswick,NJ:Rutgers University Press,1954),46-47.
1702916732
1702916733 [34] Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State,162-63.
1702916734
1702916735 [35] President Herbert Hoover,Remarks Upon Proclaiming the Treaty for the Renunciation of War (Kellogg-Briand Pact)(July 24,1929).
1702916736
1702916737 [36] HLS,diary entry,September 23,1931,reel 3,HSP YUL.
1702916738
1702916739 [37] Richard N. Current,“The Stimson Doctrine and the Hoover Doctrine,” The American Historical Review 59,no. 3 (April 1954):516;Documents on the Tokyo International Military Tribunal:Charter,Indictment and Judgments,ed. Robert Cryer and Neil Boister (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008),1:330.
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