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[70] 书中俄罗斯“吞并”克里米亚之说是作者反映的西方国家的立场,其他一些国家有不同立场。——译者注
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[71] Peter Baker,“U.S. Tightens Crimea Embargo to Pressure Russia,” New York Times,December 19,2014.
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[72] Alexey Eremenko and Carlo Angerer,“Crimea One Year After Russia Referendum Is Isolated from World,” NBC News,March 16,2015,http://www. nbcnews. com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/one-year-after-annexation-sanctions-isolate-crimea-world-n324131;Dimiter Kenarov,“Putin’s Peninsula Is a Lonely Island,” Foreign Policy,February 6,2015,http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/06/putin-peninsula-lonely-island-crimea-annexation-russia-ukraine/.
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[73] “International Mail Services to Crimea via Ukrainian Post Suspended,” Post and Parcel,April 7,2014,http://postandparcel.info/60771/news/companies/international-mail-services-to-crimea-via-ukrainian-post-suspended/.
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[74] Baker,“U.S. Tightens Crimea Embargo to Pressure Russia.”
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[75] David S. Cohen,“Remarks of Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David S. Cohen at the Practicing Law Institute,” December 11,2014,U.S. Treasury Department,https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl9716.aspx.
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[76] James Kanter,“E.U. to Extend Sanctions Against Russia,but Divisions Show,” New York Times,December 19,2015.
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[77] “Russia—Trade Picture,” European Commission,2017年2月22日最后更新,参见 http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/russia/。
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[78] 而且欧盟对俄罗斯实施制裁还有一些法律上的障碍。因为欧盟制裁需要每6个月更新一次,而这需要28个成员的一致同意。参见James Kanter,“Italy Delays E.U.’s Renewal of Sanctions Against Russia,” New York Times,December 15,2015。
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[79] Carol J. Williams,“Russia and Greece Consider Collaborating to Circumvent Western Sanctions,” Los Angeles Times,June 21,2015.
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[80] Herman Van Rompuy and José Manuel Barroso,“Joint Statement on Crimea,” March 18,2014,European Union Delegation to the United Nations,http://eu-un.europa.eu/articles/en/article _14755 _en.htm.
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[81] Barack Obama,“Statement by the President on Ukraine,” March 17,2014,The White House,https://www. whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/03/17/statement-president-ukraine.
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[82] European Commission,“The Hague Declaration Following the G7 Meeting,” March 24,2014,http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release _STATEMENT-14-82 _en.htm;Alison Smale and Michael D. Shear,“Russia Is Ousted from Group of 8 by U.S. and Allies,” New York Times,March 24,2014.
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[83] Exec. Order No. 13,660,79 C.F.R. 13,493 (March 6,2014);“Ukraine and Russia Sanctions,” U.S. Department of State,accessed January 29,2016,http://www. state.gov/e/eb/tfs/spi/ukrainerussia/.
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[84] “Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 477/2014,” Official Journal of the European Union 137,no. 3 (December 5,2014),http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri= uriserv:OJ.L _.2014.137.01.0003.01.ENG#ntr1-L _2014137EN.01000301-E0001;“Ukraine Crisis:Russia and Sanctions,” BBC News,December 19,2014,http://www. bbc.com/news/world-europe-26672800;“Announcement of Additional Treasury Sanctions on Russian Government Officials and Entities,” April 28,2014,U.S. Treasury Department,https://www. treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl2369.aspx;“Treasury Sanctions Russian Officials,Members of the Russian Leadership’s Inner Circle,and an Entity for Involvement in the Situation in Ukraine,” March 20,2014,U.S. Treasury Department,https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl23331.aspx;“Issuance of a New Ukraine-Related Executive Order;Ukraine-Related Designations,” March 17,2014,U.S. Treasury Department,https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC-Enforcement/pages/20140317.aspx.
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[85] Cohen,“Remarks of Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David S. Cohen at the Practicing Law Institute”;“Information Note on Capital Markets,” European Union Newsroom,2016年1月29日访问,参见http://europa.eu/newsroom/files/pdf/info-note-capital-markets.pdf。该计划并非一帆风顺。一个很快浮出水面的问题是,没有得到俄罗斯商业伙伴——有时违反合同义务——付款的美国公司在对未付余额收取利息时,是否实际上(向其俄罗斯商业伙伴)提供了被禁止的贷款。
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[86] Cohen,“Remarks of Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David S. Cohen at the Practicing Law Institute.”
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[87] Stanley Reed and Clifford Krauss,“New Sanctions to Stall Exxon’s Arctic Oil Plans,” New York Times,September 12,2014.
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[88] “Sanctions Tit-for-Tat:Moscow Strikes Back Against US Officials,” Russia Today,March 20,2014,https://www.rt.com/news/foreign-ministry-russia-sanctions-133/.
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[89] International Monetary Fund,“Cheaper Oil and Sanctions Weigh on Russia’s Growth Outlook,” IMF Survey,August 3,2015,http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2015/CAR080315B.htm;Ivana Kottasava,“Russia’s Slump Pushes 3 Million into Poverty,” CNN Money,July 22,2015,http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/22/news/economy/russia-crisis-poverty-three-million/index.html?iid= EL;“Historic Inflation Russia—CPI Inflation,” Worldwide Inflation Data,accessed January 29,2016,http://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/russia/historic-inflation/cpi-inflation-russia.aspx.
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[90] Kenneth Rapoza,“Putin Admits Sanctions Sapping Russia,” Fortune,October 21,2016.
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[91] 参见The White House,“The Iran Deal:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” July 14,2015,https://medium.com/the-iran-deal/joint-comprehensive-plan-of-action-5cdd9b320fd#.v8ykblagu。
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[92] Ambassador Stephen D. Mull,Lead Coordinator for Iran Nuclear Implementation Senate Committee on Banking,Housing,and Urban Affairs (May 25,2016).
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[93] William Booth,“Former Israeli Defense Minister Calls Nethanyahu a Fearmonger Who Hypes Threats,” Washington Post,June 16,2016.
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[94] Judith N. Shklar,“The Liberalism of Fear,” in Nancy L. Rosenblum,ed.,Liberalism and the Moral Life (Cambridge:Harvard University Press 1989).
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