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(6) Harry A. Franck, Wandering in Northern China (New York： Century Co., 1923), p.197. 当时的照片证实了这种印象。例如,见于Heinz v. Perckhammer, Peking (Berlin： Albertus⁃Verlag, 1928)一书中的街景。
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(7) Tan Shih⁃hua(邓惜华), A Chinese Testament, as told to S. Tretiakov (New York： Simon and Schuster, 1934), p.235.
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(8) Peter Quennell, A Superficial Journey Through Tokyo and Peking (London： Faber and Faber, 1934), p.187.
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(9) Yi⁃tsi Feuerwerker(费梅仪慈), “The Changing Relationship Between Literature and Life”, in Merle Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era (Cambridge： Harvard University Press, 1977), p.302. 亦见Jonathan Spence(史景迁)在其 The Gate of Heavenly Peace： The Chinese and Their Revolution (New York： Viking, 1981), pp.194-195, 397-398对这流派的谈论。
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(10) Spence, pp.194-195.
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(11) 黄公度：《对于无产阶级社会态度的一个小小测验》,《社会学界》第4卷(1930年6月),第158页。
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(12) 有关老舍早期的生平概要,参见Ranbir Vohra, Lao She and the Chinese Revolution (Cambridge： Harvard East Asian Research Center, 1974), pp.59.
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(13) 老舍：《老牛破车》(香港：宇宙书店,1981),第48页。
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(14) 例子可参见《柳家大院》和《黑白李》,载王际真(Wang Chi⁃chen)编译： Contemporary Chinese Short Stories (New York： Columbia University Press, 1944).
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(15) 老舍：《我怎样写骆驼祥子》,见胡絜青编《老舍生活与创作自述》(香港：三联书店,1981),第66页。
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(16) 老舍：《我怎样写骆驼祥子》,第67—68页。
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(17) 23
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(18) 老舍：《我怎样写骆驼祥子》,第68页。
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(19) Tsuchida Mitsufumi, “Rickshaw”, Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, vol.6 (东京：讲谈社,1983), p.311; Joseph I. C. Clarke, Japan at First Hand： Her Islands, Their People, the Picturesque, the Real (New York： Dodd, Mead and Co., 1920), p.182; and John R. Black, Young Japan,vol.2 (London： Trubner, 1881), p.312.
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(20) “Economic Study of the Peking Ricsha Puller”, p.253.
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(21) Edward T. C. Werner, “Peking in the Eighties”, in E. T. C. Werner, Autumn Leaves： An Autobiography with a Sheaf of Papers, Sociological, Philosophical, and Metaphysical (Shanghai： Kelly and Walsh, 1928), p.167.
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(22) 服部宇之吉：《北京笼城日记》(东京：平凡社,1965),第199—200页。
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(23) 同上。
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(24) 25
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(25) 李景汉：《北京人力车夫现状的调查》,第1页。
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(26) Chinese Economic Bulletin, 10 October 1925, pp.209-210; 2 January 1926, p.11; 11 April 1925, p.212; 23 April 1927, p.211.
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1703007883
(27) Millard’s Review, 8 November 1919, p.408引用的一位前法部总长的讲话。
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(28) 26
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(29) 北京人力车和人力车夫的数量如下：数据采自T’ao, Livelihood, p.106; “Economic Study of the Peking Ricksha Puller”, p.253; China Weekly Review, 8 September 1923, p.68; 李景汉：《北京人力车夫现状的调查》,第1页;《顺天时报》,1924年4月17日第7版;娄学熙、池泽汇、陈问咸编纂：《北平市工商业概况》(北平：北平社会局,1932),第638页。
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(30) Chinese Economic Bulletin, 27 February 1926, p.11.
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