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[13]Kant,“Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose”,p. 47.
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[14]Ibid.,p. 51.
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[15]Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 74.
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[16]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 99.
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[17]Ibid.
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[18]康德这里所谈的投票，也是指在假然契约里的一致同意，而非指共和国的法律都是由一人一票决定。又，这里的独立原则，在《迈向永久和平》中并没提及，但在“☆eory and Practice”及“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”中都有详细讨论。
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[19]Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 77.
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[20]Kant,“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,p. 139.
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[21]只要对照一下罗尔斯的原初状态（original position）的构想，康德的契约论结构便十分清楚。严格来说，康德的契约论并不算真正的契约论，这不仅因为它是假设性的，更是因为得出原则的最后理据并不在于立约者的同意，而在于契约背后的道德预设，而此却是先于契约被给予的。罗尔斯的理论也有类似问题。
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[22]Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 80.
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[23]Ibid.,p. 79．对康德契约论的讨论，亦可见Rawls,“☆emes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy”,in Collected Papers,ed. Samuel Freeman (Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press,1999),pp. 497-528。
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[24]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 100-101．对于共和制更详细的讨论，亦可参考Patrick Riley,Kant’s Political Philosophy(Totowa,NJ
:Rowman and Littlefield,1983),Chap. 5。
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[25]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 100.
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[26]有关资料及讨论可见Michael W. Doyle,“Kant,Liberal Legacies,and Foreign Affairs”,Philosophy and Public Affairs 12,Issue 3(1983),pp.205-235;Issue 4,pp.323-353。亦可见Charles R.Beitz,Political Theory and International Relations(Princeton,NJ: Princeton University Press,1979); Spencer Weart,Never at War
:Why Democracies Wi l Not Fight One Another(New Haven
:Yale University Press,1998)。
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[27]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 104.
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[28]Ibid.
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[29]Ibid.,p. 105.
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[30]按康德的说法，国际法是规范国与国之间的法律；世界法则是视人人为一人类普遍性国家（a universal state of mankind）公民的法律，适用于所有人类。Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 98-99.
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[31]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 105-107；亦可见“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,pp.172-173。
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[32]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 104.
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[33]Kant,“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,p. 171.
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[34]Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 90.
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[35]Ibid.
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[36]Ibid.,p. 92.
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[37]Ibid.
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