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[20]Kant,“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,p. 139.
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[21]只要对照一下罗尔斯的原初状态（original position）的构想，康德的契约论结构便十分清楚。严格来说，康德的契约论并不算真正的契约论，这不仅因为它是假设性的，更是因为得出原则的最后理据并不在于立约者的同意，而在于契约背后的道德预设，而此却是先于契约被给予的。罗尔斯的理论也有类似问题。
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[22]Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 80.
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[23]Ibid.,p. 79．对康德契约论的讨论，亦可见Rawls,“☆emes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy”,in Collected Papers,ed. Samuel Freeman (Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press,1999),pp. 497-528。
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[24]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 100-101．对于共和制更详细的讨论，亦可参考Patrick Riley,Kant’s Political Philosophy(Totowa,NJ
:Rowman and Littlefield,1983),Chap. 5。
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[25]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 100.
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[26]有关资料及讨论可见Michael W. Doyle,“Kant,Liberal Legacies,and Foreign Affairs”,Philosophy and Public Affairs 12,Issue 3(1983),pp.205-235;Issue 4,pp.323-353。亦可见Charles R.Beitz,Political Theory and International Relations(Princeton,NJ: Princeton University Press,1979); Spencer Weart,Never at War
:Why Democracies Wi l Not Fight One Another(New Haven
:Yale University Press,1998)。
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[27]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 104.
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[28]Ibid.
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[29]Ibid.,p. 105.
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[30]按康德的说法，国际法是规范国与国之间的法律；世界法则是视人人为一人类普遍性国家（a universal state of mankind）公民的法律，适用于所有人类。Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 98-99.
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[31]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 105-107；亦可见“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,pp.172-173。
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[32]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 104.
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[33]Kant,“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,p. 171.
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[34]Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 90.
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[35]Ibid.
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[36]Ibid.,p. 92.
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[37]Ibid.
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[38]Kant “,Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 105．粗体为原文所加。亦可参考Mary J. Gregor的译本，她将international state译为state of nations。康德所指的nation，应是peoples之意。
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[39]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 113-114．亦可参见“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,p. 171。
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[40]Jean Bodin,On Sovereignty
:Four Chapters from the Six Books of the Commonwealth,ed. Julian H. Franklin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1992).
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[41]康德也接受了博丹对这三种政治制度的区分。见Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p.100。
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[42]对于主权概念的历史起源及发展更详细的讨论，可参陈弘毅：《主权和人权的历史和法理学反思》,《二十一世纪》，第55期（1999），页18—29。
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[43]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 94．韦伯对国家的看法，可见Weber,“Politics as a Vocation”,in From Max Weber
:Essays in Sociology,ed.H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (London: Routledge,1948),p. 78。
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[44]Kant,“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,pp. 137-138．亦可见“☆eory and Practice”,p. 73。
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