打字猴:1.70336924e+09
1703369240 [65] McIlwain,High Court ,p. 336;Rowse,pp. 223 ff.
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1703369242 [66] Friedrich,pp. 20—21. Sabine,pp. 272—273.
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1703369244 [67] Chrimes,p. 138.
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1703369246 [68] Louis Hartz,The Founding of New Societies (New York,Harcourt,Brace and World,1964),pp. 3,4,6,23.哈兹关于分裂的理论为分析殖民地的萎缩提供了一个出色的总框架。而他的美国自由和谐概念则在很大程度上解释了都铎政治制度的继续。
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1703369248 [69] Louis Hartz,The Liberal Tradition in America (New York,Harcourt,Brace. 1955),pp. 9—10,45—46,85—86,133—134,281—282.
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1703369250 [70] Louis Hartz,The Liberal Tradition in America (New York,Harcourt,Brace. 1955),p. 43.
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1703369252 [71] Carsten,p. 434;Friedrich,pp. 20—25.
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1703369254 [72] Palmer,1,passim ,but esp. pp. 323—407.
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1703369256 [73] Palmer,1,passim ,but esp. 2、350—351.
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1703369258 [74] Robin Williams,American Society (2d. ed. rev. New York,Knopf,1961),p. 571. Ell Ginzberg and Ewing W. Reilley Effecting Change in Large Organizations (New York,Columbia University Press,1957),pp. 18—19.
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1703369260 [75] 美国对于政治语言也有独特贡献。如本书第81—82、96页所指出的,美国人用来描述其政府机构的许多术语,曾在英国使用,但随着政治现代化的发展,英国已不再使用这些术语。而在政治参与及组织政治参与的机构等术语的使用方面,情况则正相反。许多术语(如同机构)不是由美国所发明(如政党核心小组、不公正地划分选区等),就是被赋予了新的、特殊的政治意义(如公民、初选、机器、党魁、分赃、竞选纲领、游说等)。
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1703369262 [76] James MacGregor Burns,The Deadlock of Democracy (Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,Prentice-Hall,1963),p. 34.
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1703369264 [77] Maurice Duverger,Political Parties (New York,John Wiley,1954),p. 22.
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1703369266 [78] Merle Kling,“Toward a Theory of Power and Political Instability in Latin America,”Western Political Quarterly,9 (March 1956),21—35.
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1703369268 [79] Arnold J. Toynbee,“If We Are to Be the Wave of the Future,”New York Times Magazine ,Nov.13,1960,p. 123.
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1703369270 [80] 见Seymour Martin Lipset,The First New Nation (New York,Basic Books. 1963),Part Ⅰ;J. Leiper Freeman,“The Colonial Stage of Development:The American Case”(unpublished paper,Comparative Administration Group,1963),p. 4。
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1703369272 [81] 见Clifford Geertz,ed.,Old Societies and New States:The Ouest for Modernity in Asia and Africa (New York,Free Press,1963)。
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1703369274 [82] 见Immanuel Wallerstein,Africa:The Folitics of Independence (New York,Vintage,1961),pp. 159—163;Ruth Schachter(Morgenthau),“Single-Party Systems in West Africa,”American Political Science Review,55 (June 1961),294—307。论述了一党制国家的自由与民主潜力。更为现实主义的评论,见Martin Kilson,“Authoritarian and Single-Party Tendencies in African Politics,”World Politics,15 (Jan.1963),262—294;Aristide Zolberg,“The African Mass-Party State in Perspective,”(paper prepared for APSA Annual Meeting,September 1964)。
1703369275
1703369276 [83] 见Lloyd I. and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph,“The Political Role of India’s Caste Associations,”Pacific Affairs,33 (March 1960),5—22;Lloyd I. Rudolph,“The Modernity of Tradition:the Democratic Intarnation of Caste in India,”American Political Science Review,59 (Dec.1965),975—989;Michael C. Hudson,“Pluralism,Power,and Democracy in Lebanon”(paper prepared for APSA Annual Meeting,September 1964)。
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1703369278 [84] Clark,Seventeenth Century,pp. 83,90—91.
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1703369280 [85] Max Beloff,The Age of Absolutism:1660—1815 (London,Hutchinson,1954),pp. 168—169.
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1703369282 [86] 见,例如,Stephen Graubard,ed.,A New Europe? (Boston,Houghton Mifflin,1964);Stanley Hoffmann,“Europe’s Identity Crisis:Between the Past and America,”Daedalus,93 (Fall 1964),1249,1252—1253。关于法院的作用,见Taylor Cole,“Three Constitutional Courts:A Comparison,”American Political Science Review,53 (Dec. 1959),963—984;Gottfried Dietze,“America and Europe—Decline and Emergence of Judicial Review,”Virginia Law Review,44 (Dec. 1958),1233—1272。
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1703369287 变化社会中的政治秩序 [:1703368113]
1703369288 变化社会中的政治秩序 第三章 传统政体的政治变迁
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