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3. http://lifehacker.com/5458741/productivity-in- 11-words; the original Twitter account is dormant.
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4. It’s quite common (even in reputable publications) to see people referring to“comparative advantage” as meaning “the thing you’re best at,” or “a thing where you’re the best.” That’s incorrectthey’re simply referring to “absolute advantage,”which doesn’t tell us much about prioritization if you happen to be excellent at a lot of things. You have a comparative advantage in the thing where the capability gap between you and another person is biggest. You can find this written up properly in any basic economics textbook, but the original reference is here: Ricardo, D. (1817).On the Principles ofPolitical Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray.
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5. Lewis, M. (2012). Obama’s way. Vanity Fair.
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第七章 斩断拖延的尾巴
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1. Akerlof, G.A. (1991). Procrastination and obedience. American Economic Review, 81(2), 1–19.
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2. Ersner-Hershfield, H., Garton, M.T., Ballard, K., SamanezLarkin, G.R., & Knutson, B. (2009). Don’t stop thinking about tomorrow: Individual difference in future self- continuity account for saving. Judgment and Decision Making, 4(4),280–286.
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3. Crockett, M.J., Braams, B.R., Clark, L., Tobler, P.N., Robbins, T.W., & Kalenscher, T. (2013). Restricting temptations: Neural mechanisms of precommitment.Neuron, 79(2), 391–401. The “temptations” deployed by the researchers were actally erotic pictures, rather than the slightly more sedate thrill of procrastination,but the mechanism is the same.
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第三节 社交课
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1. See, for example, Helliwell, J.F., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. (2013). World Happiness Report 2013. New York: UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. The rport summarizes studies showing the effects of “having someone to count on.
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2. See Matt Lieberman’s book for an excellent in- depth explanation of the social nature of our brains: Lieberman, M. (2013). Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect. New York: Crown Archetype.
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第八章 如何建立成长性人脉关系
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1. Tamir, D.I., & Mitchell, J.P. (2012). Disclosing information about the self is intrinsically rewarding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,109(21), 8038–8043.
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2. An interesting essay on this powerful follow-up question: “Tell me more: Th art of listening,” in Ueland, B. (1992). Strength to Your Sword Arm: Collected Writings ofBrenda Ueland. Duluth, MN: Holy Cow! Press.
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3. For an overview of how empathy plays out toward in- group and out- group members, see: Cikara, M., Bruneau, E., Van Bavel, J.J., & Saxe, R. (2014). Their pain gives us pleasure: How intergroup dynamics shape empathic failures and counterempathic responses. Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 55, 110–125.
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4. Mitchell, J.P., Macrae, C.N., & Banaji, M.R. (2006). Dissociable medial prefrontal contributions to judgments of similar and dissimilar others. Neuron, 50(4),655–663.
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5. Rivera, L.A. (2012). Hiring as cultural matching: The case of elite professional service firms.American Sociological Review, 77(6), 999–1022.
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6. Ratner, K.G., & Amodio, D.M. (2013). Seeing “us vs. them”: Minimal group effects on the neural encoding of faces.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,49(2), 298–301.
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7. Valdesolo, P., & DeSteno, D. (2011). Synchrony and the social tuning of compassion. Emotion, 11(2), 262–266.
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8. Martin, L.J., et al. (2015). Reducing social stress elicits emotional contagion of pain in mouse and human strangers. Current Biology, 25(3), 326–332.
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9. van Baaren, R.B., Holland, R.W., Steenaert, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (2003).Mimicry for money: Behavioral consequences of imitation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(4), 393–398.
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10. Axelrod, R., & Hamilton, W. (1981). The evolution of cooperation.Science,211(4489), 1390–1396.
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11. The rains of people playing the Prisoner’s Dilemma were examined in: Rilling,J.K., Sanfey, A.G., Aronson, J.A., Nystrom, L.E., & Cohen, J.D. (2004). Opposing BOLD responses to reciprocated and unreciprocated altruism in putative reward pathways. Neuroreport, 15(16), 2539–2543. Other games requiring cooperation or competition were examined by Decety, J., et al. (2004). The neural bases of cooeration and competition: An fMRI investigation. Neuroimage, 23(2), 744–751.
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12. Aron, A., Melinat, E., Aron, E.N., Vallone, R.D., & Bator, R.J. (1997). The expeimental generation of interpersonal closeness: A procedure and some preliminary findings.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(4), 363–377.
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