打字猴:1.70460254e+09
1704602540  55  关于出版的书籍数量,出处同上,49。
1704602541
1704602542  56  G. Clark, 2001. “The Secret History of the Industrial Revolution” (Working paper, University of California, Davis), 60.
1704602543
1704602544  57  J. E. Dittmar, 2011, “Information Technology and Economic Change: The Impact of the Printing Press,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 126 (3): 1133-72.
1704602545
1704602546  58  引自F. J. Swetz, 1987, Capitalism and Arithmetic: The New Math of the 15th Century (La Salle, IL: Open Court), 20。
1704602547
1704602548  59  Dittmar, 2011, “Information Technology and Economic Change,” 1140.
1704602549
1704602550  60  引自W. Endrei and W. v. Stromer, 1974, “Textiltechnische und hydraulische Erfindungen und ihre Innovatoren in Mitteleuropa im 14./15. Jahrhundert,” Technikgeschichte 41:90。也参见 S. Ogilvie, 2019, The European Guilds: An Economic Analysis (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 390。
1704602551
1704602552  61  S. Füssel, 2005, Gutenberg and the Impact of Printing (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate).
1704602553
1704602554  62  U. Neddermeyer, 1997, “Why Were There No Riots of the Scribes?,” Gazette du Livre Médiéval 31 (1): 1-8.
1704602555
1704602556  63  出处同上,7。
1704602557
1704602558  64  出处同上,8。
1704602559
1704602560  65  Mokyr, 1992a, The Lever of Riches, 57.
1704602561
1704602562  66  引自B. Gille, 1969, “The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries in the Western World,” in A History of Technology and Invention: Progress through the Ages, ed. M. Daumas and trans. E. B. Hennessy (New York: Crown), 2:135-36。
1704602563
1704602564  67  关于阿格里科拉、宗卡和德雷贝尔,参见Mokyr, 1992a, The Lever of Riches, chapter 4。
1704602565
1704602566  68  出处同上,58。
1704602567
1704602568  69  关于蒸汽引擎,参见R. C. Allen, 2009a, The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), chapter 7。
1704602569
1704602570  70  F. Reuleaux, 1876, Kinematics of Machinery: Outlines of a Theory of Machines, trans. A.B.W. Kennedy (London: Macmillan), 9.
1704602571
1704602572  71  关于伽利略的力学理论,参见 D. Cardwell, 1972, Turning Points in Western Technology: A Study of Technology, Science and History (New York: Science History Publications)。
1704602573
1704602574  72  关于机器制造者,参见Cardwell, 2001, Wheels, Clocks, and Rockets, 44。
1704602575
1704602576  73  在地下运输方面,人们引进了由马牵引的踏车。
1704602577
1704602578  74  关于采矿业、新畜牧业以及播种机的进展,参见Mokyr, 1992a, The Lever of Riches, chapter 4。
1704602579
1704602580  75  起毛机取代工人带来的影响,参见A. Randall, 1991, Before the Luddites: Custom, Community and Machinery in the English Woollen Industry, 1776-1809 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 120。
1704602581
1704602582  76  引自Acemoglu and Robinson, 2012, Why Nations Fail, 176。
1704602583
1704602584  77  更多关于反抗取代技术的案例,参见L. A. White, 2016, Modern Capitalist Culture (New York: Routledge), 77。
1704602585
1704602586  78  更多关于莱顿城暴乱的信息,参见R. Patterson, 1957, “Spinning and Weaving,” in A History of Technology, vol. 3, From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution, c.1500–c.1750, ed. C. Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall, and T. I. Williams (New York: Oxford University Press), 167。
1704602587
1704602588  79  Acemoglu and Robinson, 2012, Why Nations Fail, 197.
1704602589
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.70460254e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]