1704603374

1704603375  41  C. Nardinelli, 1986, “Technology and Unemployment: The Case of the Handloom Weavers,” Southern Economic Journal 53 (1): 87-94.

1704603376

1704603377  42  关于技术与周期性失业，出处同上。

1704603378

1704603379  43  J. Fielden, 2013, Curse of the Factory System (London: Routledge).

1704603380

1704603381  44  关于城镇移民，参见J. Humphries and T. Leunig, 2009, “Was Dick Whittington Taller Than Those He Left Behind? Anthropometric Measures, Migration and the Quality of Life in Early Nineteenth-Century London,” Explorations in Economic History 46 (1): 120-31；J. Long, 2005, “Rural-Urban Migration and Socioeconomic Mobility in Victorian Britain,” Journal of Economic History 65 (1): 1-35；M. Anderson, 1990, “The Social Implications of Demographic Change,” in The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950, vol. 2: People and Their Environment, ed. F.M.L. Thompson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 1-70；H. R. Southall, 1991, “The Tramping Artisan Revisits: Labour Mobility and Economic Distress in Early Victorian England,” Economic History Review 44 (2): 272-96。关于工业革命期间的城镇移民的概述，参见P. Wallis, 2014, “Labour Markets and Training,” in The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, vol. 1, Industrialisation, 1700–1870, ed. R. Floud, J. Humphries, and P. Johnson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 178-210。

1704603382

1704603383  45  A. Ure, 1835, The Philosophy of Manufactures (London: Charles Knight), 20.

1704603384

1704603385  46  引自P. Gaskell, 1833, The Manufacturing Population of England, 174。

1704603386

1704603387  47  早期的珍妮纺纱机对成年人来说很“别扭”，9—12岁的儿童使用起来却“很灵活”。（M. Berg, 2005, The Age of Manufactures, 1700–1820: Industry, Innovation and Work in Britain [London: Routledge], 146）

1704603388

1704603389  48  C. Tuttle, 1999, Hard at Work in Factories and Mines: The Economics of Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), 110.

1704603390

1704603391  49  Ure, 1835, The Philosophy of Manufactures, 144.

1704603392

1704603393  50  关于童工数量的激增，参见Tuttle, 1999, Hard at Work in Factories and Mines, 96 and 142。也可参见Wallis, 2014, “Labour Markets and Training,” 193。

1704603394

1704603395  51  P. Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England, trans. M. Vernon (London: Routledge), 410.

1704603396

1704603397  52  引自S. Smiles, 1865, Lives of Boulton and Watt (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott), 227。也可参见Mokyr, 2011, The Enlightened Economy, chapter 15。

1704603398

1704603399  53  Baines, 1835, History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain, 452.

1704603400

1704603401  54  L. Shaw-Taylor and A. Jones, 2010, “The Male Occupational Structure of Northamptonshire 1777–1881: A Case of Partial De-Industrialization?” (working paper, Cambridge University).

1704603402

1704603403  55  M. Berg, 1976, “The Machinery Question,” PhD diss., University of Oxford, 2.

1704603404

1704603405  56  Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century, 408.

1704603406

1704603407  57  Old Bailey Proceedings, 6th July 1768, Old Bailey Proceedings Online, version 8.0, 01 January 2019, www.oldbaileyonline.org.

1704603408

1704603409  58  关于莱姆豪斯，参见Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century, 401-8。

1704603410

1704603411  59  出处同上。

1704603412

1704603413  60  T. C. Hansard, 1834, General Index to the First and Second Series of Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates: Forming a Digest of the Recorded Proceedings of Parliament, from 1803 to 1820 (New York: Kraus Reprint Co.).

1704603414

1704603415  61  R. Jackson, 1806, The Speech of R. Jackson Addressed to the Committee of the House of Commons Appointed to Consider of the State of the Woollen Manufacture of England, on Behalf of the Cloth-Workers and Sheermen of Yorkshire, Lancashire, Wiltshire, Somersetshire and Gloucestershire (London: C. Stower), 11.

1704603416

1704603417  62  引自Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century, 408。

1704603418

1704603419  63  J. Horn, 2008, The Path Not Taken: French Industrialization in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1830 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), chapter 4, Kindle.

1704603420

1704603421  64  Annual Registrar or a View of the History, Politics, and Literature for the Year 1811, 1811 (London: printed for Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy), 292.

1704603422

1704603423  65  关于利物浦伯爵和肯扬勋爵，参见Berg, 1976, “The Machinery Question,” 76。

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