1704603390
1704603391
49 Ure, 1835, The Philosophy of Manufactures, 144.
1704603392
1704603393
50 关于童工数量的激增，参见Tuttle, 1999, Hard at Work in Factories and Mines, 96 and 142。也可参见Wallis, 2014, “Labour Markets and Training,” 193。
1704603394
1704603395
51 P. Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England, trans. M. Vernon (London: Routledge), 410.
1704603396
1704603397
52 引自S. Smiles, 1865, Lives of Boulton and Watt (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott), 227。也可参见Mokyr, 2011, The Enlightened Economy, chapter 15。
1704603398
1704603399
53 Baines, 1835, History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain, 452.
1704603400
1704603401
54 L. Shaw-Taylor and A. Jones, 2010, “The Male Occupational Structure of Northamptonshire 1777–1881: A Case of Partial De-Industrialization?” (working paper, Cambridge University).
1704603402
1704603403
55 M. Berg, 1976, “The Machinery Question,” PhD diss., University of Oxford, 2.
1704603404
1704603405
56 Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century, 408.
1704603406
1704603407
57 Old Bailey Proceedings, 6th July 1768, Old Bailey Proceedings Online, version 8.0, 01 January 2019, www.oldbaileyonline.org.
1704603408
1704603409
58 关于莱姆豪斯，参见Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century, 401-8。
1704603410
1704603411
59 出处同上。
1704603412
1704603413
60 T. C. Hansard, 1834, General Index to the First and Second Series of Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates: Forming a Digest of the Recorded Proceedings of Parliament, from 1803 to 1820 (New York: Kraus Reprint Co.).
1704603414
1704603415
61 R. Jackson, 1806, The Speech of R. Jackson Addressed to the Committee of the House of Commons Appointed to Consider of the State of the Woollen Manufacture of England, on Behalf of the Cloth-Workers and Sheermen of Yorkshire, Lancashire, Wiltshire, Somersetshire and Gloucestershire (London: C. Stower), 11.
1704603416
1704603417
62 引自Mantoux, 1961, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century, 408。
1704603418
1704603419
63 J. Horn, 2008, The Path Not Taken: French Industrialization in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1830 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), chapter 4, Kindle.
1704603420
1704603421
64 Annual Registrar or a View of the History, Politics, and Literature for the Year 1811, 1811 (London: printed for Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy), 292.
1704603422
1704603423
65 关于利物浦伯爵和肯扬勋爵，参见Berg, 1976, “The Machinery Question,” 76。
1704603424
1704603425
66 Horn, 2008, The Path Not Taken, chapter 4.
1704603426
1704603427
67 关于被捣毁的机器，参见B. Caprettini and H. Voth, 2017, “Rage against the Machines: Labour-Saving Technology and Unrest in England, 1830-32” (working paper, University of Zurich) 。
1704603428
1704603429
68 E. Hobsbawm and G. Rudé, 2014, Captain Swing (New York: Verso), 265-79.
1704603430
1704603431
69 Caprettini and Voth, 2017, “Rage against the Machines.”
1704603432
1704603433
70 D. Acemoglu and P Restrepo, 2018a, “Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work” (Working Paper 24196, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).
1704603434
1704603435
71 Allen, 2009b, “Engels’ Pause.”
1704603436
1704603437
72 E. S. Phelps, 2015, Mass Flourishing: How Grassroots Innovation Created Jobs, Challenge, and Change (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 47.
1704603438
1704603439
73 出处同上， 46。
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70460339e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]