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56 Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains.
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57 A. de Tocqueville, 1840, Democracy in America, trans. H. Reeve (New York: Alfred A. Knopf), 2
:646.
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58 引自Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains, 117。
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59 M. Twain and C. D. Warner, [1873] 2001, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (New York: Penguin).
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60 H. J. Raymond, 1859, “Your Money or Your Line,” New York Times, February 9.
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61 M. Klein, 2007, The Genesis of Industrial America, 1870–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 133–34.
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62 Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains, tables 5–8 and 5–9.
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63 L. F. Katz and R. A. Margo, 2013, “Technical Change and the Relative Demand for Skilled Labor: The United States in Historical Perspective” (Working Paper 18752, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).
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64 Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains, table 7–2.
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65 I. Fisher, 1919, “Economists in Public Service: Annual Address of the President,” American Economic Review 9 (1): 10 and 16.
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66 T. Piketty, 2014, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
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67 W. Scheidel, 2018, The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
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68 关于金融行业的工作岗位，参见Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains, figure 8–3。
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69 Piketty, 2014, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, 506–7.
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70 C. Goldin and R. A. Margo, 1992, “The Great Compression: The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid-Century,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (1): 1–34.
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71 H. S. Farber, D. Herbst, I. Kuziemko, and S. Naidu, 2018, “Unions and Inequality over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data” (Working Paper 24587, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).
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72 J. M. Abowd, P. Lengermann, and K. L. McKinney, 2003, “The Measurement of Human Capital in the US Economy” (LEHD Program technical paper TP-2002-09, Census Bureau, Washington).
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73 J. Tinbergen, 1975, Income Distribution: Analysis and Policies (Amsterdam: North Holland).
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74 C. Goldin and L. Katz, 2008, The Race between Technology and Education (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
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75 C. Goldin and Margo, 1992, “The Great Compression.”
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76 Goldin and Katz, 2008. The Race between Technology and Education, 303.
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77 出处同上，208–17。
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78 出处同上，177。
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79 Rothberg, 1960, “Adjustment to Automation in Two Firms,” 89.
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80 E. Weinberg, 1960, “A Review of Automation Technology,” Monthly Labor Review 83 (4): 376–80.
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