打字猴:1.70462383e+09
1704623830
1704623831 ［30］关于大型官僚机构在为小企业提供融资方面的困难，参见A. Berger, N. Miller, M. Petersen, R. Rajan, and J. Stein, “Does Function Follow Organizational Form? Evidence from the Lending Practices of Large and Small Banks,” NBER working paper w8752, 2002。关于国有制对信贷资源配置的影响，参见Paola Sapienza, “What Do State-Owned Firms Maximize? Evidence from Italian Banks,” Northwestern University, working paper, 2002.
1704623832
1704623833 ［31］E. Helleiner, States and the Reemergence of Global Finance: From Breton Woods to the 1990’s (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1994), and Robert Skidelsky’s Keynes: Robert Skedelsky, John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Freedom 1937-1946 (New York: Viking, 2001).
1704623834
1704623835 ［32］参见Keynes (1980), 149，转引自Helleiner, States and the Reemergence of Global Finance, 34。对于投资真正有影响的利率是指长期利率，今天人们已经不再一致认为政府可以轻易操纵长期利率。
1704623836
1704623837 ［33］Helleiner, States and the Reemergence of Global Finance, 35.
1704623838
1704623839 ［34］同上，第39页。
1704623840
1704623841 ［35］Pauly.
1704623842
1704623843 ［36］Peter G. Peterson, Gray Dawn: How the Coming of Age Will Transform America and the World (New York: Times Books, 1999), 77.
1704623844
1704623845 第11章
1704623846
1704623847 ［1］这些数据及本节其他未特别注明的数据均来自Stephen Prowse, “Alternative Models of Financial System Development,” Federal Reserve Bank of Australia, 1996.
1704623848
1704623849 ［2］Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopz-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, “Legal Determination of External Finance,” Journal of Finance 52, no. 3 (1997): 1131-1150.
1704623850
1704623851 ［3］Julian Franks and Colin Mayer, “Bank Control, Takeovers and Corporate Governance in Germany,” Journal of Banking & Finance 22 (1998): 1231-1480.
1704623852
1704623853 ［4］Christoph von Greyerz，“Accounting in Swiss Company Laws”, Der Schweizer Treuhander (March 1984): 85-88.
1704623854
1704623855 ［5］Prowse, “Alternative Models of Financial System Development,” 122，citing 1989 OECD study.
1704623856
1704623857 ［6］Utpal Bhattacharya, Hazem Daouk, Michael Welker, “The World Price of Earnings Opacity.”
1704623858
1704623859 ［7］Graham Searjent, “Why Daimler Went Red Over a Share Quote in New York,” Times (London), October 7, 1993.
1704623860
1704623861 ［8］Martin Hellwig, “Economics and Politics of Corporate Finance and Control,” in Corporate Governance: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives, ed. Xavier Vives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 109.
1704623862
1704623863 ［9］Steven N. Kaplan, “Top Executive Rewards and Firm Performance: A Comparison of Japan and the United States,” Journal of Political Economy 102, no. 3 (June 1994): 510-546.
1704623864
1704623865 ［10］C. Kester and T. Lueherman, “The Myth of Japan’s Low Cost of Capital,” Harvard Business Review 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1992): 130-140.
1704623866
1704623867 ［11］这个类比来自Raaj Sah and Joseph Stiglitz的研究，“The Architecture of Economic Systems: Hierarchies and Polyarchies,” American Economic Review 76, no. 4 (September 1986)。参见Franklin Allen, “Stock Markets and Resource Allocation,” in Capital Markets and Financial Intermediation, ed. Colin Mayer and Xavier Vives (Cambridge,U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1993)。
1704623868
1704623869 ［12］B. Black and R. Gilson, “Venture Capital and the Structure of Capital Markets: Banks versus Stock Markets,” Journal of Financial Economics, 47 (1998). Jrg Kukies, “Stock Markets for High-Technology Firms and Venture Capital Financing: Evidence from Europe” (University of Chicago, Ph.D. diss., 2001).
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1704623871 ［13］Kukies, “Stock Markets for High-Technology Firms and Venture Capital Financing.”
1704623872
1704623873 ［14］Paul Carroll, Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM (New York: Crown, 1993), P. 76.
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1704623875 ［15］Kristian Rydqvist and Kenneth Hogholm, “Going Public in the 1980s: Evidence from Sweden,” European Financial Management 1, no.3 (1995): 287-315.
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1704623877 ［16］Sandra Black and Philip Strahan, “Entrepreneurship and bank Credit Availability” (MIT, March 2001, mimeo).
1704623878
1704623879 ［17］本案例的描述主要来自Richard Pascale and Thomas P. Rholen, “The Mazda Turnaround,” Journal of Japanese Studies 9, no. 2 (1983): 219-263，以及Hoshi and Kashyap (1994)。除非特别提示，所有的数据均来自他们的研究。
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