打字猴:1.70462884e+09
1704628840 [8]Office of Science and Technology Policy,American Competitiveness: Leading the World in Innovation (Washington,D.C.: Domestic Policy Council,2006),quote p. 4.
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1704628842 [9]William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen,Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma (New York: Twentieth Century Fund,1966).
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1704628844 [10]William J. Baumol,The Cost Disease: Why Computers Get Cheaper and Health Care Doesn’ t (New Haven: Yale University Press,2012).
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1704628846 [11]在本书中,我并没有详细探讨对人力资本投资的需求,因为这个问题尤其在考虑幼儿教育时会非常复杂。参见,如James J. Heckman 2014年12月10日在白宫幼儿教育峰会上的演讲“Going Forward Wisely”,芝加哥大学Center for the Economics of Human Development。
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1704628848 [12]Quaker Faith and Practice: The Book of Christian Discipline of the Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (London: Quaker Books,1995),quoted paragraph 23.57.
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1704628850 [13]Milton Friedman,“The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” New York Times Magazine, 13 September 1970.
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1704628852 [14]Kenneth J. Arrow,“Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency,” Public Policy 21 (1973): 303-318,quote pp. 313 and 314.
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1704628854 [15]Website of MBA Oath: http://mbaoath.org/.
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1704628856 [16]Jonathan B. Baker,“The Case for Anti-Trust Enforcement,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 17 (2003): 27-50,quote p. 27.
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1704628858 [17]Robert Bork,The Anti-Trust Paradox (New York: Free Press,1978),quote p. 66.
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1704628860 [18]Senator Sherman,21 Congressional Record 2728 (1890). I owe these and other references to Shi-Ling Hsu,“The Rise and Rise of the One Percent: Considering Legal Causes of Inequality” (Florida State University College of Law,Public Law Research Paper 698; FSU College of Law,Law,Business and Economics Paper no. 14-11,2014).
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1704628862 [19]Hsu,“The Rise and Rise of the One Percent,” quote p. 24.
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1704628864 [20]市场结构与商品供给的排他性之间关系的说明性分析,参见Anthony B. Atkinson“Capabilities, Exclusion, and the Supply of Goods”,收录于Kaushik Basu, Prasanta Pattanaik, and Kotaro Suzumura编辑的Choice, Welfare and Development(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995),第17-31页。
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1704628866 [21]银行条款的分配意义分析,参见Babak Somekh,“Access to Banking and Income Inequality”收录于“Income Inequality and Consumer Markets”(D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 2012)。
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1704628868 [22]Henry Simons的言论来自Tobin,“On Limiting the Domain of Inequality”,Journal of Law and Economics 13(1970):第263—277页,引自第264页。
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1704628870 [23]Hsu, “The Rise and Rise of the One Percent,” quote p. 4.
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1704628872 [24]Joseph Stiglitz, The Price of Inequality (London: Allen Lane, 2012), quote p. 64.
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1704628874 [25]John T. Addison, Claus Schnabel, and Joachim Wagner, “The (Parlous) State of German Unions,” Politics and Society 28 (2007): 3-18, figures from p. 8.
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1704628876 [26]Ben Roberts, “Trade Union Behavior and Wage Determination in Great Britain,” in John T. Dunlop, ed., The Theory of Wage Determination (London: Macmillan, 1957), 107-122, quote p. 110.
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1704628878 [27]See, for example, Bruno Palier and Kathleen Thelen, “Institutionalising Dualism: Complementarities and Change in France and Germany,” Politics and Society 38 (2010): 119-148; and Patrick Emmenegger, “From Drift to Layering:The Politics of Job Security Regulations in Western Europe,” Politics and Society (2015).
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1704628880 [28]Colin Crouch, “The Snakes and Ladders of 21st Century Trade Unionism,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 16 (2000): 70-83, quote p. 77.
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1704628882 [29]面对不断上涨(或下跌)的价格和实际收入,福利与税收门槛的指数化是一个重要问题,但不在本书的讨论范围内。欧洲的研究表明,对于贫困演化来说,指数化率可能比明确的政策改革更重要:参见Alari Paulus, Holly Sutherlandand Iva Tasseva,Indexation Matters: The Distributional Impact of Fiscal Policy Changes in Cross-National Perspective,University of Essex, December 2014。
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1704628884 第5章 未来的就业与工资
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1704628886 [1]Jean-Claude Juncker, A New Start for Europe: My Agenda for Jobs, Growth, Fairness and Democratic Change: Political Guidelines for the Next European Commission (Brussels: European Commission, 2014).
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1704628888 [2]Robert Salais, Nicolas Barerez and Bénédicte Reynaud,L’invention du chomage(Paris:Presses Universitaires de France,1986)。正如他们所说的,法语和英语存在一种有意思的区别。法语词反映的是早期的不同用法,它指的是“在白天最热的时候休息一下,”而据《牛津英语大词典》称,“失业”这个词最早也是在1895年才开始成为英国人的常用词。
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