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［8］Office of Science and Technology Policy，American Competitiveness: Leading the World in Innovation (Washington，D.C.: Domestic Policy Council，2006)，quote p. 4.
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［9］William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen，Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma (New York: Twentieth Century Fund，1966).
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［10］William J. Baumol，The Cost Disease: Why Computers Get Cheaper and Health Care Doesn’ t (New Haven: Yale University Press，2012).
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［11］在本书中，我并没有详细探讨对人力资本投资的需求，因为这个问题尤其在考虑幼儿教育时会非常复杂。参见，如James J. Heckman 2014年12月10日在白宫幼儿教育峰会上的演讲“Going Forward Wisely”，芝加哥大学Center for the Economics of Human Development。
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［12］Quaker Faith and Practice: The Book of Christian Discipline of the Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (London: Quaker Books，1995)，quoted paragraph 23.57.
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［13］Milton Friedman，“The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” New York Times Magazine, 13 September 1970.
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［14］Kenneth J. Arrow，“Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency,” Public Policy 21 (1973): 303-318，quote pp. 313 and 314.
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［15］Website of MBA Oath: http://mbaoath.org/.
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［16］Jonathan B. Baker，“The Case for Anti-Trust Enforcement,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 17 (2003): 27-50，quote p. 27.
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［17］Robert Bork，The Anti-Trust Paradox (New York: Free Press，1978)，quote p. 66.
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［18］Senator Sherman，21 Congressional Record 2728 (1890). I owe these and other references to Shi-Ling Hsu，“The Rise and Rise of the One Percent: Considering Legal Causes of Inequality” (Florida State University College of Law，Public Law Research Paper 698; FSU College of Law，Law，Business and Economics Paper no. 14-11，2014).
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［19］Hsu，“The Rise and Rise of the One Percent,” quote p. 24.
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［20］市场结构与商品供给的排他性之间关系的说明性分析，参见Anthony B. Atkinson“Capabilities, Exclusion, and the Supply of Goods”，收录于Kaushik Basu, Prasanta Pattanaik, and Kotaro Suzumura编辑的Choice, Welfare and Development（Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995），第17-31页。
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［21］银行条款的分配意义分析，参见Babak Somekh，“Access to Banking and Income Inequality”收录于“Income Inequality and Consumer Markets”（D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 2012）。
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［22］Henry Simons的言论来自Tobin，“On Limiting the Domain of Inequality”，Journal of Law and Economics 13（1970）：第263—277页，引自第264页。
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［23］Hsu, “The Rise and Rise of the One Percent,” quote p. 4.
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［24］Joseph Stiglitz, The Price of Inequality (London: Allen Lane, 2012), quote p. 64.
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［25］John T. Addison, Claus Schnabel, and Joachim Wagner, “The (Parlous) State of German Unions,” Politics and Society 28 (2007): 3-18, figures from p. 8.
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［26］Ben Roberts, “Trade Union Behavior and Wage Determination in Great Britain,” in John T. Dunlop, ed., The Theory of Wage Determination (London: Macmillan, 1957), 107-122, quote p. 110.
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［27］See, for example, Bruno Palier and Kathleen Thelen, “Institutionalising Dualism: Complementarities and Change in France and Germany,” Politics and Society 38 (2010): 119-148; and Patrick Emmenegger, “From Drift to Layering
:The Politics of Job Security Regulations in Western Europe,” Politics and Society (2015).
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［28］Colin Crouch, “The Snakes and Ladders of 21st Century Trade Unionism,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 16 (2000): 70-83, quote p. 77.
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［29］面对不断上涨（或下跌）的价格和实际收入，福利与税收门槛的指数化是一个重要问题，但不在本书的讨论范围内。欧洲的研究表明，对于贫困演化来说，指数化率可能比明确的政策改革更重要：参见Alari Paulus, Holly Sutherlandand Iva Tasseva，Indexation Matters: The Distributional Impact of Fiscal Policy Changes in Cross-National Perspective，University of Essex, December 2014。
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第5章 未来的就业与工资
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［1］Jean-Claude Juncker, A New Start for Europe: My Agenda for Jobs, Growth, Fairness and Democratic Change: Political Guidelines for the Next European Commission (Brussels: European Commission, 2014).
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［2］Robert Salais, Nicolas Barerez and Bénédicte Reynaud，L’invention du chomage（Paris：Presses Universitaires de France，1986）。正如他们所说的，法语和英语存在一种有意思的区别。法语词反映的是早期的不同用法，它指的是“在白天最热的时候休息一下,”而据《牛津英语大词典》称，“失业”这个词最早也是在1895年才开始成为英国人的常用词。
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