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The grammar lying upon the desk is mine.(桌上的文法书是我的。)
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I have a friendship for him.(我跟他有友谊。)
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现在试将抽象名词与普通名词比较如下:
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I am learning composition.(我在学习写作。)(抽名)
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I am writing a composition.(我在写作文。)(普名)
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Exercise makes us strong.(运动可以强身。)(抽名)
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Swimming is a good exercise.(游泳是好的运动。)(普名)
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Life is pleasure.(人生是快乐的。)(抽名)
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Work is a pleasure to him.(工作对他是一种乐趣。)(普名)
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Kindness is a virtue.(亲切是美德。)(抽名)
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He has done me a great kindness (act of kindness). I have received many kindnesses from him.(他对我非常好。)(普名)
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Life is short.(人生苦短。)(抽名)
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He lives a happy life.(他生活幸福。)(普名)
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Many lives were lost in that railway accident.(在那次火车出事当中死了很多人。)(普名)
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有时在名词前另加表示数目的字眼,也同样有使那抽象名词变成普通名词的作用,例如:
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What a piece of impudence!(何等卑鄙!)
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twenty cases of death(二十个死者)
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a word (或 piece)of advice(一句忠言)
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a stroke of work(某工作的策划)
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What a stroke of luck!(多么幸运呀!)
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英文疑难详解 12.friendship 一字的单复数
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I should like to cultivate cordial friendships with them.(我希望和他们做朋友。)一句中 friendships 一字,有人说复数形不对,应该改为单数。请说明此字单复数用法上的差异。
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【解答】关于 friendship 一字,可分作抽象名词及普通名词两方面来解释。作为基本用法的抽象名词是不可数的(uncountable),意为“友情”,“友谊”,“友爱”(the feeling or relationship that exists between friends),例如 my friendship for her.(我和她的交情。)It ought,in common friendship,to be done.(这是朋友应尽的义务。)
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