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他动词用被动语态的形式是很普通的用法,但在意味上有这种区别是值得注意的。自动词本来是没有被动语态的,但有某些特定的自动词,却具有“be+自动词的过去分词”的形式,用来表示事物的状态(state)或结果(result)。
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He was married.(= He married.)(他结婚了。)
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The train was stopped.(= The train stopped.)(火车停止了。)
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We were agreed to go.(= We agreed to go.)(我们都同意去。)
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I was determined to go.(= I determined to go.)(我决心去。)
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如最后一例,两种说法虽则用了等号,但要加以分别的话,也可以说: I determined 只是表示单纯的决心而已, I was determined 则表示毅然决然的样子,因为早已在那种决心的状态中了。
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我们决不可把它作为被动语态看待,最好把那个“自动词的过去分词”当作一个形容词,就好解释了。例如:
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The sun is risen.(= The sun has risen and is now in the sky.)(太阳出来了。)
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The sun is set.(太阳落山了。)
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My money is gone!(我的钱都完了。)
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She found that her strength was gone.(她发觉她的气力都没有了。)
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Spring is come.(春满人间。)
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All the guests are arrived.(客人都到齐了。)
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We are gathered here this morning.(今天早上我们大家聚集一堂。)
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He is dressed elegantly.(= He dresses elegantly.)(他衣着华丽。)
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英文疑难详解 77.My uncle remembered me on my birthday
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My uncle remembered me on my birthday.一句,译作“我叔父记得我的生日。”为什么是错了?英文 remember 一字除作“记忆”解外,还有其他什么解释?请举例说明。
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【解答】英文的动词 remember,普通有四种含义,即:
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(1)想起:例如 I do not remember your name.(我想不起你是姓什么的。)
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(2)记忆:例如 I shall always remember your kindness to me.(我将永远记得你对我的好处。)
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(3)致意:例如 Remember me to your mother.(令堂前乞代请安。)
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(4)赠物,致酬,给奖品,付小费:例如 Remember a child on its birthday.(送小孩生日礼物。)Remember the waiter.(付侍者小费。)My uncle remembered me in his will.(我伯父在遗嘱中分了遗产给我。)
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质问中的文句,应作上举的第四种解释,译作第二种的意思自然错了。原意是“我叔父在我生日时送了我一个礼物”。
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