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过去时的 would,也同样有此用法:
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I suppose she would be about fifty when she died.(我想她死时已有五十岁了。)
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Would you be to hear at such a distance?(离得这样远,你能听见吗?)
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I don’t know who it would be.(不晓得那到底是谁呀?)
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I thought that it would be just as well that I should not be disrespectful in the future.(我觉得最好还是不要在将来有所失敬。)
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如用“will+have+过去分词”的形式,就是对现在完成时的推测,或是对过去的推测,如:
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You will have heard the news.(那消息你一定听到了吧。)
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He will have left his house before you arrive there.(在你到达那里之前,他早已离开了他的家里吧。)
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You will have seen from my postcard that I was at Oxford.(你从我的明信片上就可以看得出来我曾到牛津去了的。)
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英文疑难详解 97.ought to 的用法
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英文助动词 ought 意为有义务,如“人民有爱国的义务”。可译成 People ought to love their country.但另见有句云: He ought to have succeeded.成败非个人意志所能左右,更无义务可言,请就此种用法,加以阐述。
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【解答】助动词 ought,原为动词 owe 的过去式,现在英文已将 owed 用作 owe 的过去式了,而让 ought 专作助动词,用于表义务( Duty 或 Obligation)的直觉的意义上,尤其是“道义上当然应做的事”(moral obligation)。动词 owe 现在主要含义虽为“负债”,但仍可作“负有(义务)”解,如 We owe our duty to our country.(我们对国家应尽义务。)我们用 should 也可表道义上应做的事,不过用 ought 则表示最强烈的义务观念。
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You ought to respect your parents.(你应当尊敬父母。)
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One ought to pay what one owes.(欠别人的钱有归还的义务。)
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You ought not to promise what you cannot perform.(做不到的事不应当答应。)
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Such things ought not to be said in company.(这样的事不应当众来说。)
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Your father ought to know it.(= You ought to tell your father.)(此事理应告诉你父亲。)
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这些例句都是用于 outht 的原意的,但 ought 还有一个引申的用法,它可转变为推量( Inference)的意思,即是“道理上当然必有的事”( Natural necessity),表示那样的结果是应当有的。质问中所提出的 He ought to have succeeded.便是这种用法,他如:
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He is an Englishman;he ought to know English.(= It is quite natural that he should know English; No wonder that he should.)(他是英国人,当然懂英语。)
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He ought to be there if he started at six.(他如六时动身应该已经到达那里了。)
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I have lived here all my life,so I ought to know the neighbourhood well.(我一生住在此地,我当然熟悉这地方的情形。)
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If you cannot do it,how ought I?(你都办不到,我怎么行?)
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We ought to have fine weather after this long rain.(下了这么久的雨,也应该晴了。)
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