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He is too angry not to say that.(他盛怒之下也不免要说出那样的话。)
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英文疑难详解 110.but+不定词
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(a) I did nothing but go home.
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(b) I desired nothing but to go home.
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上面这两句英文同是在 but 后面,为什么一句接有 to 的不定词,一句又要接无 to 的不定词呢?他如在 than 后面,似乎也有同样的现象,是否有一定的规则可循?
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【解答】质问中所提出的两句英文,意义为(a)“我除了回家之外,别无办法。”(b)“我只希望回家。”这个 but=except.至于在 but 后何时要接用有 to 的不定词,何时要接用无 to 的不定词,有一条很简单的法则,那就是前面有 do〔did,done〕的时候,在 but 后面就接没有 to 的原形不定词。据 Jespersen 和 Curme 的说法,在连词 but,except,save,than,as 等字后,都是同样的情形。如果句中是用了其他的动词,后面的不定词就要加上 to 了。现分别举例说明如下:
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(1)前面用有动词 do 时,在连词 but 等后接用无 to 的不定词:
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He did nothing but laugh.(他只是笑。)
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She did nothing but cry all day.(她整天只是哭。)
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What could he do but take back what he had said?(他除了收回他说的话以外,还有别的什么办法?)
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I cannot but admire his courage.(我不得不佩服他的勇气。)这是把 cannot 后面的 do anything 的字样省略掉了的缘故,还是等于用有动词 do 的。这是写作的说法,如果口头的说法,便成为 I cannot help admiring his courage.但美国人把这两种说法混合在一起,而说成 I cannot help but admire his courage.
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She seemingly has done nothing but accomplish the impossible.(她的神气好像是做成功了一件不可能的事。)
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I did no more than make a beginning.(我只开了一个头罢了。)
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She did nothing else than cry all day.(她终日只是哭泣。)
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He did not so much as say he was sorry.(他连一声对不起都没有说。)
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(2)前面用 do 以外的动词,在连词 but 等后就要接用有 to 的不定词:
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Nothing remains but to die.(除死以外,别无办法。)
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We had no choice but to turn back.(我们除了转回头以外,别无办法。)
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You ought to know better than to believe all the gossip you hear.(你应该明白不会只相信你所听到的一切谣言。)
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I am sure we had nothing to do but to fight the battle out.(我确信我们只有抗战到底之一法。)
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They desire nothing but to enjoy the present moment.(他们只希望今朝有酒今朝醉。)
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附带地说一句,在 had better 之后,也是要接无 to 的不定词的,例如: You had better do it yourself.(你最好自己去做。)这句话可以解释为 You would have it better to do it yourself.这个 had better,原来和 would rather 及 may as well 等表现法,差不多都是同义的,例如:
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I had (或 would)rather die than yield.= I had (或 would)sooner die than yield.= I had (或 would)as soon die as yield.(宁死也不投降。)但现代英文对 had better 及 would rather,在惯用法上产生了不同的含义,如:
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