打字猴:1.70504759e+09
1705047590
1705047591 Margaret Foster在“Why I Am Glad to Be 40”一文中的一段精彩文字,作者以齐整的I like开句,一气写了六句。由抽象(empathy)到具体(children, women, familiar with, afraid of),由幼(children)及长(pregnant women),由正(familiar with)到反(not being afraid),始于隐(empathy),而终于显(confidence)。抒情有条不紊,剖析步步深入,波澜渐起,止于高潮(climax),又以短句嘎然收住,抒尽“中年之乐”,写尽人间百态,而读者也亦“句”亦趋,与之共鸣。
1705047592
1705047593 以Parallelism抒情,乃英语一绝。既可寓情于景,以景写情,又可达到情景交融的境界。甚至学生在英语习作中小试Parallelism,居然文笔一新:
1705047594
1705047595 a. I feel extraordinarily homesick at a time when the weekend comes regularly and the chums go back home hurriedly and cheerfully, at a time when I receive the distant call, hearing the routine mutter from my mother over and over, at a time when I confront frustrations and sadness beyond description.
1705047596
1705047597 b. Do you still remember that footpath along which we went shoulder to shoulder many times? Do you still remember that full-moon night during which we pledged solemnly to love each other for ever? Do you still remember that inn in which you became drunk, saying your heart was broken? Do you still remember that late autumn evening in which we bid farewell so bitterly in the freezing drizzle?
1705047598
1705047599 4.1.2.4 以Parallelism诠释
1705047600
1705047601 以Parallelism诠释,可以做到词序井然,脉络分明,说服力陡增。如:
1705047602
1705047603 Stanford University, famous as one of northern California’s several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called “the Harvard of the West”. Its reputation is based on its location, its intelligent students, its distinguished faculty, its growth opportunities offered to students, its overseas programs, its substantial endowment, and its recent extensive growth.
1705047604
1705047605 斯坦福大学,是北加州几个高等学校之一,有时被称为“西部哈佛”。它的声誉基于它所处的位置,基于才智出众的学生,基于卓越而优秀的师资,基于学生获得的成长机遇,基于海外的科研项目,基于可观的捐赠以及最近的全面的发展。
1705047606
1705047607 上段六个平行结构,以its开首的名词词组,一字排开,充当介词on的宾语。Stanford University的不俗实力和享誉遐迩的事实,得以详列,令人折服。
1705047608
1705047609 Add 15~30 minutes per night until you feel alert and rested each day. If you are a “night owl”, sleep a bit later; if you are a “lark”, go to bed earlier.
1705047610
1705047611 每夜多睡15~30分钟,直到你感到精力充沛、神清气爽。如果你是“夜猫子”,就睡得迟些;如果你惯于早起,就早点上床。
1705047612
1705047613 以上例句选自网文“Get More Sleep—Or It Will Get You”(《睡眠不足伤身体》),作者通过采用优美对称的由if引导的平行句式,寥寥数语,逻辑严密地阐述了睡眠、健康和生活习惯之间的辩证关系,句意隽永,含有哲理。
1705047614
1705047615 A rodeo itself is a competitive contest based loosely on traditional cowboy skills of riding and roping. It consists of six major events: (1) Riding an unbroken range horse (bucking bronco) in a saddle; (2) Riding a bucking bronco without a saddle (bareback); (3) Riding a bull; (4) Roping a calf; (5) Wresting a steer to the ground (bulldogging); (6) Racing horses around barrels (with women riders).
1705047616
1705047617 骑术表演本身就是围绕传统的西部牛仔的骑术和套索捕捉术展开的。它包括六项主要内容:(1)骑一匹未经驯服过有马鞍的牧场马(公野马);(2)骑一匹未经驯服过无马鞍的公野马;(3)骑一头公牛;(4)用套索捕捉一头小牛;(5)把一头年轻的公牛摔倒在地(摔牛);(6)围绕桶状物的赛马(须带一女骑手)。
1705047618
1705047619 上段文字向读者介绍一种美国西部的放牧人竞技会,层次清楚,条理明白。在关键词rodeo出现之后,使用了两个含-ing分词构成的平行结构——riding和roping,并由此自然导出六个-ing单词引导的平行的分词结构,不仅使全段一气呵成,成为一个有机整体,而且诠释头绪明白,内容清楚,令读者对这项特殊而又罕见的竞技会印象清晰。
1705047620
1705047621 4.1.2.5 以Parallelism演讲
1705047622
1705047623 以Parallelism演讲,可以增加演讲的气势,营造现场的气氛,鼓动人心,聚集人气,更好地收到演讲的预期效果。
1705047624
1705047625 美国著名的废奴主义者Frederick Douglas(1817~1895)于1852年在纽约州罗彻斯特市国庆大会上发表的演说“An Ex-Slave Discusses Slavery”(《一个解放了的奴隶论奴隶制》)。其中一个段落是:
1705047626
1705047627 The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and men must be proclaimed and denounced.
1705047628
1705047629 我们必须触动这个国家的感情,唤醒她的良知,撼动她的礼仪规范,揭露她的伪善,公开和谴责她违反上帝和人类的罪行。
1705047630
1705047631 Douglas在这段话里将五个结构相同的句子平行排列,形式上一致匀称,语义上由轻到重,合乎逻辑,旨在更加严密、更加透彻地阐明他的观点:在极端野蛮和最无耻的伪善方面(指奴隶制),美国确实首屈一指,举世无双。
1705047632
1705047633 美国第三十五任总统John F. Kennedy(肯尼迪)的就职演说成了英语学习者必读的范文,演说精彩,用了大量的Parallelism,其中一句是:
1705047634
1705047635 My fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
1705047636
1705047637 我的美国同胞们,勿问你的国家能为你做些什么,但问你能为你的国家做些什么。
1705047638
1705047639 发表就职演说的Kennedy一反现代英语语法常规,将否定词not置于ask之后,再接用what引导的宾语从句。如此处理,两个接连出现的ask,即被置于更突出、更对称的位置上,节奏更加明快,语义更加突出,给听者以强烈的感染力。再如:
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