打字猴:1.705047955e+09
1705047955 声音是那么肯定而平静。而我好像突然明白了一直不做声的丈夫心中的那一份痛惜的感觉,就像是一个顽童突然看到了他顽劣的后果。
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1705047957 His voice was so sure yet so calm. It suddenly dawned on me that taciturn as he had been all the time, there was regret deep in his heart. I was awe-struck like a mischievous boy brought face to face with the damage he had done.
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1705047959 汉语原句的“我好像突然明白了……”系句子核心,主语“我”则是核心之核心。不料相应的英译又心裁别出,采用了一个英语广为使用的句式:It suddenly dawned on somebody that…。
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1705047961 细辨It指代的内容,不是也不可能指代“我”,而是用于固定句型中的一种非人称的指式。英译以It suddenly dawned on me牵头,同样短小精干,构成了英句之美。此外,主语It隐含了一种逻辑力量;它是模糊的,又是清晰的。这个It囊括了上句的全部内容——his voice, sure, calm等等。从逻辑上汉语原句的逻辑就显得松散,因为在“声音是那么肯定而平静”之后,必须绕到人称主语“我”上去。
1705047962
1705047963 浏览我国古典名著的英译本,常令人赞叹英语的非人称主语句为英译增色添彩。如:
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1705047965 偌大景致,若干亭榭,无字标题,也觉寥落无趣,任有花柳山水,也断不能生色。(《红楼梦》第五回)
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1705047967 上句是典型的汉语的无主句,但是读者并不计较,“也觉寥落无趣”一句已足以暗示,主语是人也。而杨戴译本译文如下:
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1705047969 On the other hand, if we leave the chief sights and pavilions without a single name or couplet until her visit, the garden, however lovely with its flowers and willows, rocks and streams, cannot fully reveal its charm.
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1705047971 “生色”二字被自如地译成了reveal its charm,已经别致。寻其主语,原来是the garden! the garden cannot fully reveal its charm即为句子的主干,是典型的Impersonal Subject Sentence,与汉语原句相映成趣。
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1705047973 我们所说的Impersonal Subject Sentence,并非只限于一种简单的句型,即S+V+O的句型,请看以下两个译例:
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1705047975 原来这藕香榭盖在池中,四面有窗,左右有曲廊可通,亦是跨水接岸,后面又有曲折竹桥暗接。(《红楼梦》第九回)
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1705047977 杨戴译本的译文是:
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1705047979 This pavilion, built in the middle of the lake, had windows on all four sides, twisting corridors on left and right leading to both shores and, behind, a winding bamboo bridge connecting it with the bank.
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1705047981 英译twisting corridors on left and right leading to both shores就是不可多得的佳译,这不是Impersonal Subject Sentence,而是一个独立主格结构,一个具有Impersonal Subject Sentence性质的结构。
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1705047983 句子共计36个单词,洋洋洒洒,但若计算其谓语动词,仅有一个词而已——had!句子结构稳妥,短的在前,长的在后,是地道的英语结构。
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1705047985 又如,在《儒林外史》第三回有这样一句:
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1705047987 屠户被众人局不过,只得连斟两碗喝了,壮一壮胆,把方才这些小心收起,将平日的凶恶样子拿出来。
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1705047989 杨戴译文是:
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1705047991 Butcher Hu had to give in. Two bowls of wine bolstered up his courage, making him lose his scruples and start his usual rampaging.
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1705047993 Two bowls of wine bolstered up his courage已是精彩的Impersonal Subject Sentence,但是,紧跟其后的现在分词短语making him lose his scruples and start his usual rampaging也值得我们咀嚼,它同样具有Impersonal Subject Sentence的性质!短短一句,尽现Impersonal Subject Sentence之风采。英译的句子结构更趋紧密,行文更趋流畅,逻辑也就更一致。
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1705047995 4.2.4 扮靓Impersonal Subject Sentence之关键:动词
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1705047997 构成Impersonal Subject Sentence的关键因素有两个,一个是主语,另一个则是动词谓语。和主语相比,此句型的动词谓语似更有规律可循,且掌握了动词谓语的规律,在汉译英的过程中就能更加自如地运用。现对非人称主语句式的动词谓语做以下归纳分析:
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1705047999 ·与人的视觉有关的若干动词
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1705048001 这些动词如see, witness, look, peer等。
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1705048003 仔细一想,我们汉语中并不乏这样的句式,不乏对视觉动词的活用。如:天安门广场曾经目睹了伟大的“五四”运动。又如:山顶上的那家豪华宾馆鸟瞰西湖。但是,英语运用视觉动词的语域(register)要宽广得多。比如,Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,就对动词see作了这样一条释义:to be an occasion of (an event or course in history); to have experience of; undergo,并附有例句:The 5th century saw the end of the Roman Empire in the West. / This old house has seen better days; now it’s in bad repair.
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