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[24]H. Spire,Language. An Introduction to the Study of Speech,Harcourt Brace and Co.,Inq.,1921.
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[25]George L. Trager and Hary Lee Smith,An Outline of English Structure,Oklohama.
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[26]E. Sapir,Selected Writings,pp.535-545 et 544-559.
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[27]Ibid.,p.534,cité par R. Birdwhistell in Paralanguage…
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[28]萨丕尔:“语词选用中个性得到了广泛地反映”。(Sapir
:“La personalité est largement reflétée dans le choix des mots”)
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[29]萨丕尔:“在某些团体中永远存在着获取语词并把它们调整为更广泛单位的某种个性的方法,尽管这种方法的发展很可悲。”(Sapir
:“Il y a toujours une méthode individuelle quoique pauvrement développée d’arranger des mots dans des groupes et de remanier ceux-là en des unités plus larges”)
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[30]Zellig Harris,Methods in Structural Lingustics,University of Chicago Press,Chicago,1951.
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[31]Benjamin Lee Whorf,Language Thought and Reality,Technology Press and John Wiley and Sons,New York,1956.
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[32]Ch. B. Osgood,“Psycholinguistics. A Survey of Theory and Research Problems,”Supplement to the International Journal of American Linguistics,vol. 20,no4,oct. 1954,mém. 10,Waverly Press,Baltimore,1954.
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[33]Gordon Hewes,“Word Distribution of Certain Postural Habits,”in American Anthropologist,vol. 57,2,1955(文中建立了不同文化中形体姿势的详细清单)。
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[34]Robert L. Saitz and Edward J. Cervenka,Colombian and North American Gestures,A Contrastive Inventory,Centro American,Correro 7,Bogota,1962,pp.23-49.
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[35]Ibid.
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[36]Edw. T. Hall,“A system for Notation of Proxemic Behaviour,”in American Anthropologist,vol. 65,5,1963.
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[37]R. Kleinpaul,op. cit.
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[38]O. Witte,“Untersuchungen über die Gebardensprache. Beiträge zur Psychologie der Sprache,”Zeitschrift für Psychologie,116,1930,pp.225-309.
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[39]M. Jousse,“Le mimisme humain et l’anthropologie du langage,”in Revue anthropologique,juill.-sept.,1936,pp.101-225.
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[40]R. Birdwhistell,Conceptual Bases and Applications of the Communicational Sciences,University of California,aprif 1965.
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[41]R. Birdwhistell,Conceptual Bases and Applications of the Communicational Sciences,University of California,aprif 1965.,p.15.
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[42]R. Birdwhistell,“Body Behavior and Communication,”in International Encyclopedia of the Social Se.,déc. 1964.
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[43]C. F. Voegelin,“Sign language analysis:one level or two?”,in International Journal of American Linguistics24,1958,pp.71-76.
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[44]W. C. Stokoe,“Sign language structure:an outline of the visual communication system of the American deaf”,Studies in Linguistics:occasional papers,no8. Department of Anthropology and Linguistics,University of Buffalo,1960,p.78. Compte rendu par Herbert Landar in Language37,1961,pp.269-271.
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[45]A. L. Kroeber,“Sign Language Inquiry,”in International Journal of American Linguistics24,1958,pp.1-19(etudes des gestes indiens).
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[46]R.Birdwhistell,Conceptual Basis…
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[47]R. Birdwhistell,op. cit.,1952,et“Some Body motion elements accompanying spoken american English,”in Communication:Concepts and Perspectives,Lec Trager(éd.),Washington D. C.,Spartan Books,1967.
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[48]R. Birdwhistell,Communication Without Words,1964. 在这个研究层面,人们还谈论两种内部运动连接点:“更”(+,“还有”“加之”)的运动连接,它的出现在于改变主要运动重点的态势和纯粹连接点(∩),后者把两个或若干个主重点联系在一起,或者把一个主重点和一个次重点联系在一起。
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