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43. 1516年佛罗伦萨出版的新闻通讯标题是《1516年10月印度洋群岛寄来一封安德烈·科萨利写给尊贵的朱利亚诺·德·美第奇公爵的信》（Letter of Andrea Corsali to the Illustrious Duke Giuliano de’Medici which arrived from the Indies in the month of October 1516 ）。1513年至1516年，列奥纳多为朱利亚诺服务。See Vecce 1998, 317, 442.
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44. Ammirato 1637, 2.242.
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45. Horse shown from behind: RL 12308r. Ox and ass: RL 12362r. Others: Zöllner 2003, nos. 89–93. Also early is the proportional study of a horse, RL 12318, perhaps connected to Verrocchio’s project for the equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni. See Clayton 2002, 34.
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46. Zöllner 2003, no. 13, silverpoint on buff–coloured prepared paper. At auction it ‘soared past its £3.5m estimate in seconds’ (Maeve Kennedy, Guardian, 11 July 2001).
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47. RL 12653.
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48. BM 1895–9–15–447 (Zöllner 2003, no. 157); I 48r. See also RL 12361–red chalk with right–handed shading, thus probably a Melzi copy–and RL 12714.
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49. F 47r, c.1508.
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50. See Part III n. 10 below.
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51. H 109r.
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52. RL 12363.
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53. CA 477v/175v–a.
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54. 关于列奥纳多提到的树和植物的完整名单，见 Embolden 1987, 213–15。在列奥纳多的黑莓灌木丛草图中（RL 12419–20, ’25–6, ’29），我们可以看到他描绘了一大丛复杂的野生植物，这可能和他1504年至1505年左右的与《丽达与天鹅》相关的习作有关。在一页画着林地的灌木丛（RL 12431r）的稿纸背面，还有一棵单独的洋槐树。
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55. CU 12r, McM 42.
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56. BN 2038, 27v, formerly part of A, c. 1490–92.
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57. CA 505v/184v–c, R 493. 标题中的“哲学家”一词似乎被删掉了。
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58. Bramly 1992, 86.
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59. CU 12r–12v, McM 42.
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60. Uffizi GDS 436E; RL 12685.
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61. For recent attempts to identify the landscape, see Natali 1999, 137–48, Nanni 1999, 7–17.
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62. Tn 6v.
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63. Landucci 1927, 35. 卢卡圣塞希莉亚教堂（Capella di Santa Cecilia in Lucca）同样建在墙外，那里曾藏有一幅神奇的圣母像。如今，呈弧线形的文艺复兴时期的城墙围住了这座教堂。
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64. Bramly 1992, 84–5; PC 2.314.
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65. Pedretti 1992, 163.
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66. CA 327v/119v–a： “因为我没有受过良好的教育，我知道有些傲慢的人会认为他们可以理所当然地认为我是一个不识字的人，瞧不起我。”
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67. 关于意大利文艺复兴时期的两种教育体制，见Burke 1972。
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