1706315958
1706315959
60 English vs. continental financing for colonies, British colonists’ flakiness and helplessness: Kupperman 2000
:3-4, 11-15, 148 (“utterly,”13); Cell 1965.
1706315960
1706315961
60 没搞清楚气候:鉴于许多英国旅客此前已经对当地气候进行了详细记录(例如Anon. 1979),这种混乱尤其令人惊奇。
1706315962
1706315963
60 Time of drought: Stahle et al. 1998.
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1706315965
60 Thoreau’s disdain: Thoreau 1906 (vol. 4)
:295-300 (“A party,”300).
1706315966
1706315967
61 Tisquantum’s travels in New England: Baxter 1890
:103-10 (“appears to,”106); Gorges 1890a
:212-25; 1890b
:26-30; Dermer 1619 (“void,”131). The line from The Tempest is in act 2, scene 2.
1706315968
1706315969
61 “Indians themselves”: Panzer 1995
:118-19 (text of Sublimis Deus, Paul III).
1706315970
1706315971
61 Slany: Cell 1965
:615,
1706315972
1706315974
1706315975
64 “The idea”: Gunn Allen 2003
:30.
1706315976
1706315977
65 Mather’s experiment: Mather 1820 (vol.1)
:507.
1706315978
1706315979
65 Wampanoag spiritual and political crises: Salisbury 1989
:235-38 (“their deities,”236).
1706315980
1706315981
65 Plymouth and more than fifty villages: Pyne 1982
:45-48; Cronon 1983
:90.
1706315982
1706315983
65 布拉福德与格尔基斯的引语:Anon. 1792
:246(attrib. to Bradford);Gorges, 1890b
:77。遗憾的是,由今而论,这些观点既乐观又流行。见马萨诸塞湾地区敌对殖民地的首位总督约翰·温斯罗普(John Winthrop)1634年5月对天花造成大量原住民死亡一事及其法律含义的描述:“上帝保证了我们对自己属地的所有权”(Winthrop 1976
:116);或是科顿·马瑟(Cotton Mather)那心平气和的阐释:此间“有害的生灵(即印第安人)”已经被一扫而空,“以便为更好的发展(即欧洲人)腾出空间”[引述于C. F. Adams 1892-93(vol.1)
:12]。
1706315984
1706315985
66 “Could make [the] English”: Pratt 1858
:485.
1706315986
1706315987
67 “He thinks we may”: Winslow 1963b
:58.
1706315988
1706315989
67 Indians and guns: Chaplin 2001
:111-12, Percy 1905-07
:414 (all Jamestown quotes).
1706315990
1706315992
1706315993
68 Massasoit’s negotiations: Winslow 1963b
:43-59; Deetz and Deetz 2000
:61-62.
1706315994
1706315995
69 Tisquantum’s machinations, death: Bradford 1981
:108-09 (“came running,”“and he thought,”“all was quiet”), 125-26 (Tisquantum’s death); Morton 1637
:103-05; Winslow 1963a
:82 (thanksgiving); Humins1987; Salisbury 1989; Shuffelton 1976.
1706315996
1706315997
71 Massasoit’s son and war in 1675: The best short account I have encountered is the first section of Schultz and Tougias 1999. See also Richter 2001
:90-109; Vaughan 1995
:308-22; Salisbury 1982
:Chap. 7.
1706315998
1706315999
72 Indian slavery: Lauber 1913
:esp. 109-11, 122-30; Cook 1973
:19-21 (1,000 sold); Gallay 2002 (25-50,000,299); Newell 2003, 2009; Philbrick 2006
:xiv-xv, 252-53, 320-21; Guasco 2007 (early Indian slavery in New England).
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1706316001
72 1633 epidemic: Snow and Lanphear 1998.
1706316002
1706316003
3. 在四分之国
1706316004
1706316005
73 Pizarro’s body: Maples and Browning 1994
:213-19.
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1706316007
74 Ezell thesis: Ezell 1961.
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