1706392070
1706392071
10.H. F. Tozer, Researches in the Highlands of Turkey, vol. 1 (London, 1869), p. 202; on Crete, see now M. Greene, A Shared World (Princeton, 2000).
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1706392073
11.S. Vryonis, “Religious Change and Continuity in the Balkans and Anatolia from the Fourteenth through Sixteenth Century”, in S. Vryonis, ed. , Islam and Cultural Change in the Middle Ages (Wiesbaden, 1975), pp. 127-141; P. Sugar, “The least affected social group in the Ottoman Balkans
:the peasantry”, in S. Vryonis, ed. , Byzantine Studies
:Essays on the Slavic World and the 11th Century (New York, 1992), pp. 77-87; N. Sousa, The Capitulatory Regime of Turkey
:Its History , Origin and Nature (Baltimore, 1993), pp. 36 ff. ; R. Jennings, Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571-1640 (New York, 1933), p. 143.
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1706392075
12.N. Filipovic, “A Contribution to the Problem of Islamicisation in the Balkans under Ottoman Rule”, in Ottoman Rule in Middle Europe and Balkan in the 16th and 17th Centuries (Prague, 1978), pp. 305-359; N. Todorov, “The Demographic Situation in the Balkan Peninsula (late 15th-early 16th century)”, in Todorov, Society, the City and Industry in the Balkans, 15th-19th Centuries (Variorum, 1998), VI.
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1706392077
13.On Catholic-Orthodox interaction see L. Hadrovics, Le Peuple Serbe et son eglise, esp. p. 25; K. T. Ware, “Orthodox and Catholics in the 17th Century
:Schism or Intercommunion?”in D. Baker, ed. , Schism, Heresy and Religious Protest (Cambridge, 1972), pp. 259-276; G. Hoffmann, Vescovadi Cattolici della Grecia, vol. 2-5 (Rome, 1937-1941).
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1706392079
14.T. H. Papadopoullos, Studies and Documents, pp. 10-26; Hadrovics, Le Peuple Serb, pp. 95-96. For an important reassessment of the millet system, see P. Konortas, “From Ta’ife to Millet
:Ottoman Terms for the Ottoman Greek Orthodox Community”, in D. Gondicas and C. Issawi, eds. , Orthodox Greeks in the Age of Nationalism (Princeton, 1999), pp. 169-181 and B. Braude and B. Lewis, eds. , Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire.
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1706392081
15.Crusius cited by S. Runciman, The Great Church in Captivity (Cambridge, 1968), p. 180; Stavrianos, Balkans since 1453, p. 181.
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1706392083
16.P. Mansel, Constantinople, p. 148; R. Abou-el-Haj, “Ottoman Diplomacy at Karlowitz”, Journal of the American Oriental Society 87:4 (1967), pp. 498-512; C. Mango, “The Phanariots and the Byzantine Tradition”in R, Clogg, ed. , The Struggle for Greek Independence (London, 1973), p. 51.
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1706392085
17.Runciman, Great Church, p. 391; Stavrianos, Balkans since 1453, p. 225; A. J. Evans, Through Bosnia and Herzegovina on Foot, pp. 267-268.
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1706392087
18.P. Kitromilides, “Cultural Change and Social Criticism
:the Case of Iossipos Mosiodax”, in his Enlightenment, Nationalism, Orthodoxy, IV
:p. 671, and his“‘Balkan Mentality’
:History, Legend, Imagination”, Nations and Nationalism, 2
:2 (1996), pp. 163-191; C. Dawson, The Making of Europe (London, 1946), p. 147; S. Batalden, Catherine II’s Greek Prelate
:Eugenios Voulgaris in Russia, 1771-1806 (Columbia, 1982); C. Mango, “The Phanariots and the Byzantine Tradition”, in R. Clogg, ed. , The Struggle for Greek Independence (London, 1973), pp. 41-67.
1706392088
1706392089
19.Lithgow, Rare Adventures, p. 76.
1706392090
1706392091
20.New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke (Seattle, Washington, 1985), p. 321; Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual, pp. 62-63.
1706392092
1706392093
21.Foster, Busbecq, p. 136; Dreux, 62; W. B. Standford and E. J. Finopoulos, eds. , The Travels of Lord Charlemont in Greece and Turkey, 1749 (London, 1984), p. 39.
1706392094
1706392095
22.New Martyrs, pp. 185-187 (on Nikolaos of Metsovo); Jennings, pp. 179-181 on Cyprus; Tozer, Researches, vol. 2, p. 80; S. Lane Poole, The People of Turkey, vol. 2 (London, 1878), p. 225.
1706392096
1706392097
23.M. E. Durham, Some Tribal Origins, pp. 244-261.
1706392098
1706392099
24.Boscovich cited in L. Wolff, Inventing Eastern Europe (Stanford, 1994), p. 175; W. Smyth, A Year with the Turks (New York, 1854), p. 22.
1706392100
1706392101
25.D. Loukopoulos, Georgika tis Roumelis (Athens, 1938), pp. 163-164; Bracewell, Uskoks, pp. 158-159, n. 12; Tozer, Researches, vol. 1, pp. 206-207; L. Edwards, The Memoirs of Prota Matija Nenadovic (Oxford, 1969), p. 17.
1706392102
1706392103
26.G. Rouillard, La vie rurale dans l’Empire Byzantine (Paris, 1953), p. 199; cf. for useful methodological remarks, V. Shevzov, “Chapels and the Ecclesial World of Prerevolutionary Peasants”, Slavic Review, 55, no 3 (Fall 1996), pp. 584-613, and C. Chulos, “Myths of the Pious or Pagan Peasant in Post-emancipation Central Russia (Voronezh province)”, Russian History, 22, no 2 (Summer, 1995), pp. 181-216. My thanks to Laura Engelstein for these references.
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1706392105
27.Cited in Balivet, “Aux origins”, p. 18; see the work of W. Christian, esp. Local Religion in Sixteenth Century Spain (Princeton, 1981). My thanks to Ken Mills for this reference. Foster, ed. , Busbecq, pp. 136-137.
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1706392107
28.A“shared world”is the title of M. Greene, A Shared World (Princeton, 2000); N. Todorov, “Traditions et transformations dans les villes balkaniques avec l’instauration de l’Empire Ottoman”in his Society, the City and Industry in the Balkans, 15th-19th Centuries (Variorum, 1998), vol. 3, p. 99; Jennings, Christians and Muslims, pp. 134, 142.
1706392108
1706392109
29.B. F. Musallam, Sex and Society in Islam (Cambridge, 1983); S. Purchas, Purchas His Pilgrimes vol. 8 (Glasgow, 1905), p. 276; N. Pantazopoulos, “Church and Law in the Balkan Peninsula during Ottoman Rule”, Epistimoniki epeterida
:Anticharisma ston Nikolao I. Pantazopoulo, vol. 3 (Thessaloniki, 1986), pp. 327-329; Stanford and Finopoulos, Lord Charlemont, pp. 48-49. The practice of kepinion is also described in the 17th century accounts of Thevenot and Rycaut ［History of the Present State of the Greek and Armenian Churches］.
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1706392111
30.F. Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time (Princeton, 1978), pp. 16-18; Memoirs of Ismail Kemal Pasha, p. 38.
1706392112
1706392113
31.Jennings, Christians and Muslims, p. 29; Greene, A Shared World; C. Imber, “‘Involuntary’ Annulment of Marriage and Its Solutions in Ottoman Law”in Imber, Studies in Ottoman History and Law (Istanbul, 1996), p. 226.
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1706392115
32.R. Dankoff［translator］, The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662), as portrayed in Evliya Celebi’s Book of Travels ［Seyahat-name］ (Albany, New York, 1991), pp. 249-250; see also, Bracewell, Uskoks of Senj, pp. 181-182.
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1706392117
33.F. W. Hasluck, Christianity and Islam under the Sultans (Oxford, 1929), ii, p. 554; Durham, Burden of the Balkans, p. 356.
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1706392119
34.Durham, Burden of the Balkans, p. 51.
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