打字猴:1.70642574e+09
1706425740 [9] 28 April 1937,Toby Jensky and Philip Schachter Papers,ALBA 055,Folder 15.
1706425741
1706425742 [10] 5 June 1937 and 19 June 1937,Toby Jensky and Philip Schachter Papers,ALBA 055,Folder 16.
1706425743
1706425744 [11] 24 June 1937 and 3 July 1937,Toby Jensky and Philip Schachter Papers,ALBA 055,Folder 16.
1706425745
1706425746 [12] Carroll,Peter N. The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1994.,p.141.
1706425747
1706425748 [13] “小钢铁公司罢工”(the Little Steel strike)是1937年美国钢铁工人组织委员会(SWOC)组织的一次罢工。1937年3月13日,美国钢铁公司(U.S.Steel)与SWOC签署了历史性集体谈判协议,规定了标准工资、每天工作8小时、加班时间1.5小时等。但以共和钢铁公司、内陆钢铁公司、扬斯敦板管公司为代表的小钢铁企业拒绝签字。因此,1937年5月26日,SWOC组织了这三家小钢铁企业工人罢工。罢工历时五个多月,最终失败,但为小钢铁企业的工会化奠定了基础。
1706425749
1706425750 [14] Fischer,Louis. Men and Politics:An Autobiography. New York:Duell,Sloan and Pearce,1941.,p.425.
1706425751
1706425752 [15] Beevor,Antony. The Battle for Spain:The Spanish Civil War,1936-1939. New York:Penguin,2006.,pp.282-283.
1706425753
1706425754 [16] 4 April 1937,Notes,War in Spain,1937-1938,Martha Gellhorn Papers,Box 1,Folder 7.
1706425755
1706425756 [17] 1907年由约翰·D.赫兹在芝加哥建立的“黄色出租车公司”(Yellow Cab Company)旗下的出租车。
1706425757
1706425758 [18] 奥利弗·劳死后,美共全力将其塑造为一位在国内外为正义而战斗的英雄人物,保罗·罗伯逊还曾希望拍摄一部关于他的电影。詹姆斯·耶茨和史蒂夫·纳尔逊都曾提到过劳被芝加哥警察殴打及逮捕的经历,不过都只是在谈话中顺带提及。
1706425759
1706425760 [19] Eslanda Goode Robeson Diary,31 January 1938,quoted in Fyrth,Jim,ed.,with Sally Alexander. Women’s Voices from the Spanish Civil War. London:Lawrence & Wishart,1991.,p.305.
1706425761
1706425762 [20] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,p.136.关于对劳的负面评价,参见D. P. Stephens,A Memoir of the Spanish Civil War:An Armenian-Canadian in the Lincoln Battalion(St. John’s,Newfoundland:Canadian Committee on Labour History,2000),pp.46-48。
1706425763
1706425764 [21] Herrick宣称劳是被自己的手下从背后击中的(Herrick,pp.179-180),不过他所引用的全部为间接消息源。关于劳死于敌军火力的说法存在数个直接消息源,Carroll对它们进行了概述(Carroll,Peter N. The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1994.,pp.138-139)。Carroll还指出,在被Herrick作为消息源引用的人中,有两人否认他们给出过那样的说法。
1706425765
1706425766 [22] Fred Copeman,Reason in Revolt(London:Blandford,1948),p.133.
1706425767
1706425768 [23] Diary transcript,pp.14-15,in Hamilton a. Tyler Papers,Box 3,Folder 27.
1706425769
1706425770 [24] Carroll,Peter N. The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1994.,p.148.
1706425771
1706425772 [25] Review of The Spanish Cockpit by Franz Borkenau and Volunteer in Spain by John Sommerfield,Time and Tide,31 July 1937,Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.231.
1706425773
1706425774 [26] 15 July 1937,Toby Jensky and Philip Schachter Papers,ALBA 055,Folder 16.
1706425775
1706425776 [27] 文森特·乌塞拉在国际纵队期间的档案现存于RGASPI545/6/1004。根据《信息自由法案》(Freedom of Information Act)的有关规定,我得以获取了他在美军服役期间的记录。
1706425777
1706425778 [28] “Casino Theatre Plays for 1934 Announced,” Newport Mercury,15 June 1934;Oral History Transcript,Lieutenant General James P. Berkeley,U.S. Marine Corps(Retired)(Washington,DC:History and Museums Division,Headquarters,u.S. Marine Corps,1973),pp.26-27.
1706425779
1706425780 [29] Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs,Maj. A. L. Hamblen,HQ Sixth Corps Area,Chicago,to Asst. Chief of Staff,G-2,War Department,Washington,7 December 1937,file 10110.2666-179,Record Group 165,National Archives microfilm. Earlier 关于林肯营更早期招募活动的同类报告可在以下档案中找到:10110.2666-143,10110.2666-155,and 10110.2662-298,record Group 165。
1706425781
1706425782 [30] Nelson,Steve. The Volunteers. New York:Masses & Mainstream,1953.,p.153.
1706425783
1706425784 [31] RGASPI 545/6/849.
1706425785
1706425786 [32] Stradling,Rob. “The Spies Who Loved Them:The Blairs in Barcelona,1937,” Intelligence and National Security 25(5),October 2010.,p.655.
1706425787
1706425788 [33] Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs,Report #38512,25 January 1937,from Lieutenant Colonel Raymond E. Lee in London,file 2657-S-144-88,Record Group 165,National Archives,College Park,MD;Vincent Usera,“Some Lessons of the Spanish War,” Field Artillery Journal,September-October 1939,p.406,quoted in United States Naval Institute Proceedings,July 1939.
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