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27 Montefiore, p. 29; Evan Mawdsley, The Stalin Years. The Soviet Union, 1929—1953, Manchester, 1998, p. 17.
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28 Watson, p. 146.
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29 Lewin, The Soviet Century, pp. 86—87.
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30 Quoted in Service, p. 383. 关于官僚机构的扩张,参见 Moshe Lewin,“Bureaucracy and the Stalinist State”,in Kershaw and Lewin,第 62—66 页。
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31 Tucker, p. 595; Geoffrey Roberts, Unholy Alliance. Stalin’s Pact with Hitler, London, 1989, pp. 128—129; Watson, pp. 153—157.
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32 Albert L. Weeks, Stalin’s Other War. Soviet Grand Strategy 1939—1941, Lanham, Md., 2002, p. 108.
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33 Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 34.
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34 A. J. P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War, Harmondsworth, 1964, p. 76.
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35 Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 35; Heinrich Schwendemann, Die wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Deutschen Reich und der Sowjetunion von 1939 bis 1941. Alternative zu Hitlers Ostprogramm?, Berlin, 1993, p. 23.
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36 Besymenski, pp. 51—56 (Soviet report on the cooperation, 1928).
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37 Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 41.
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38 Quoted in Besymenski, p. 67.
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39 Quoted in Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 57.
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40 Quoted in Besymenski, pp. 21—22. 另见 Roberts,Unholy Alliance,第 100 页,与 Barton Whaley,Codeword Barbarossa(Cambridge,Mass.,1973),第 200 页,以上资料记载道,苏联领导人在 1935 年至 1936 年间一再提到希特勒在《我的奋斗》一书中记述的他对苏联的侵略意图。
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41 Roberts, Unholy Alliance, pp. 43—44.
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42 David M. Glantz, The Military Strategy of the Soviet Union. A History, London, 1992, pp. 58, 60.
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43 Quoted in Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 109.
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44 Glantz, Military Strategy, pp. 69—70. G. Zhukov,Reminiscences and Reflections(Moscow,1985),vol. 1,第 209 页,声称“有 40 个师集结在西部边境”。
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45 Besymenski, pp. 98—101, 116—118; Roberts, Unholy Alliance, pp. 87—92.
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46 Text of the foreign policy section of Stalin’s speech in Besymenski, pp. 134—142; ‘chestnuts’ quotation, p. 142, and quoted in Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 116 and Watson, p. 152. Roberts,第 118 页,与 Watson,第 313 页注释 55,都指出斯大林原话翻译过来是“让他人火中取栗”。
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47 Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 130. 一旦德国进攻西方,苏联愿意出动相当于英法所部署兵力的 70% 的部队;一旦德国进攻苏联,英法也会出动相当于苏联兵力的 70% 的部队(Zhukov,vol. 1,第 212—216 页)。
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48 Roberts, Unholy Alliance, p. 134.
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49 关于英法未能就防御希特勒的威胁和苏联同心协力,还有在半心半意的外交背后那些强烈的反共情绪,见 Michael Jabara Carley,1939: The Alliance that Never Was and the Coming of World War II(Chicago,1999)。
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50 Ivan Maisky, Who Helped Hitler?, London, 1964, p. 133.
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51 Anthony Read and David Fisher,The Deadly Embrace:Hitler,Stalin and the Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939—1941(London, 1988),第 13—23 章,详细描述了这一协定的背景与结果。Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939—1941,ed. Raymond James Sontag and James Stuart Beddie(New York,1948),第 1—78 页,总结了德国方面相关的外交档案。Schwendemann,第 44—54 页,则探究了苏联和德国之间在 1939 年春季越来越密切的经济关系。
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