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14 关于这一问题的讨论，可参看 John Masson Smith Jr，‘Mongol Society and Military in the Middle East：Antecedents and Adaptations’，in War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th and 15th Centuries，ed. Yaacov Lev，The Medieval Mediterranean Peoples, Economies, and Cultures, 400-1453，vol. IX，ed. Michael Whitby，Paul Magalino，Hugh Kennedy，et al.（Leiden，1996）；John Masson Smith Jr，‘Ayn Jalut：Mamluk Success or Mongol Failure？’，Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies，XLIV（1984），pp. 307-345；A. P. Martinez，‘Some notes on the Il-Xanid Army’，Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi，VI（1986），pp. 129-242。
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15 Reuven Amitai，‘Continuity and Change in the Mongol Army of the Ilkhanate’，国际中东研究大会提交论文（巴塞罗那，2010 年 7 月 23 日）。
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16 Peter Jackson，The Delhi Sultanate, A Political and Military History（Cambridge，1999），p.104.
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17 同上，p. 39。
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18 Peter Jackson，The Delhi Sultanate, A Political and Military History，p. 104.
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19 Minhaj Siraj Juzjani，Tabaqat-i Nasiri，trans. H. G. Raverty（New Delhi，1970），pp. 809-813.
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20 Jackson，The Delhi Sultanate，p. 105. 答亦儿和蒙哥秃于 1241 年攻陷了拉合尔。
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21 Simon Digby，War-horse and Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate: A Study of Military Supplies（Oxford，1971），p. 22.
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22 Simon Digby，War-horse and Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate，p. 21.
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23 Juzjani，Tabaqat-i Nasiri，trans. Raverty，p. 711.
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24 Peter Golden，‘War and Warfare in the Pre-Cinggisid Western Steppes of Eurasia’，in Warfare in Inner Asian History, 500-1800，ed. Nicola Di Cosmo（Leiden，2002），p. 106.
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25 George Perfecky，trans. and ed.，The Hypatian Codex II: The Galician-Volynian Chronicle （Munich，1973），pp. 61-62；George Vernadsky，The Mongols and Russia（New Haven，CT，1953），p. 145.
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