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18 Peter Jackson，The Delhi Sultanate, A Political and Military History，p. 104.
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19 Minhaj Siraj Juzjani，Tabaqat-i Nasiri，trans. H. G. Raverty（New Delhi，1970），pp. 809-813.
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20 Jackson，The Delhi Sultanate，p. 105. 答亦儿和蒙哥秃于 1241 年攻陷了拉合尔。
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21 Simon Digby，War-horse and Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate: A Study of Military Supplies（Oxford，1971），p. 22.
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22 Simon Digby，War-horse and Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate，p. 21.
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23 Juzjani，Tabaqat-i Nasiri，trans. Raverty，p. 711.
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24 Peter Golden，‘War and Warfare in the Pre-Cinggisid Western Steppes of Eurasia’，in Warfare in Inner Asian History, 500-1800，ed. Nicola Di Cosmo（Leiden，2002），p. 106.
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25 George Perfecky，trans. and ed.，The Hypatian Codex II: The Galician-Volynian Chronicle （Munich，1973），pp. 61-62；George Vernadsky，The Mongols and Russia（New Haven，CT，1953），p. 145.
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26 Perfecky，The Hypatian Codex II，pp. 73-74；Francis Dvornik，Origins of Intelligence Services: The Ancient Near East, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Arab Muslim Empires, the Mongol Empire, China, Muscovy（New Brunswick，NJ，1974），pp. 302-304.
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27 对此的精彩分析，参看 Donald Ostrowski，Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross Cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304-1589（New York，1998）。作者对于蒙古人影响的评价恰如其分，同时也打破了一些神话，即关于其他一些据称是蒙古人带给俄国人的不那么有益的“礼物”。
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28 Vernadsky，The Mongols and Russia，p. 145.
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29 A. E. Tsepkov，trans.，Ermolinskaia Letopis’，（Riazan，2000），pp. 110-111；Robert Michell and Nevill Forbes，trans.，The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471（London，1914），p. 95.
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30 Francis Gabriel，Subotai the Valiant: Genghis Khan’s Greatest General （Westport，CT，2004），pp. 128-129.
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