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31 Matthew Paris,English History,trans. and ed. J. A. Giles(New York,1968),vol. II,p. 31.
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32 Marco Polo,The Travels of Marco Polo,ed. Manuel Komroff(New York,1953),pp. 107-109;Marco Polo,The Travels of Marco Polo,trans. Ronald Lathem(New York,1958),pp. 122-123.
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33 David M. Robinson,Empire’s Twilight: Northeast Asia Under the Mongols(Philadelphia,PA,2009),p. 142.
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34 Ibn Battuta,Rihala Ibn Battuta(Beirut,1997),p. 277.
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35 Richard Paul Currie,‘An Annotated Translation of the Biography of Toghto Temur from the Yuan Shih’,印第安纳大学伯明顿分校硕士学位论文(1984)。
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36 Reuven Amitai-Preiss,Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War,1260-1281(Cambridge,1995),p. 195.
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37 Morris Rossabi,Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the First Journey from China to the West(Berkeley,CA,2010).
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38 Juzjani,Tabaqat-i Nasiri,trans. Raverty,pp. 964-965.
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39 Timothy Brook,Troubled Empire,trans. Raverty,pp. 42-43.
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40 同上,p. 3。
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41 Robinson,Empire’s Twilight,p. 142.
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42 何秋涛《圣武亲征录》(Bogda Bagatur Bey-e-Ber Tayilagsan Temdeglel),ed. Arasaltu(Qayilar,1985),p. 42;Martin,The Rise of Chingis Khan,pp. 146-147。
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