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1707383455 32 Seth,A Concise History of Korea,p. 109.
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1707383459 33 同上。
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1707383463 34 Morris Rossabi,‘The Mongols and Their Legacy’,in The Legacy of Genghis Khan,ed. Linda Komaroff and Stefano Carboni(New Haven,CT,2002),p. 29.
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1707383467 35 James C. Y. Watt,‘A Note on Artistic Exchanges in the Mongol Empire’,in The Legacy of Genghis Khan,ed. Linda Komaroff and Stefano Carboni(New Haven,CT,2002),pp. 66-68.
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1707383471 36 F. W. Mote,Imperial China 900-1800(Cambridge,MA,1999),pp. 508-509.
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1707383475 37 F. W. Mote,Imperial China 900-1800,pp. 511-512.
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1707383479 38 Buell and Anderson,A Soup for the Qan,pp. 65-67.
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1707383483 39 正如与马可·波罗有关的一切事物一样,意大利面何时在意大利出现至今仍有疑问。当然,意大利人必须等到哥伦布发现美洲以后才有了土豆,直到 19 世纪土豆泥才投入使用。
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1707383487 40 Buell and Anderson,A Soup for the Qan,pp. 275,278-279,281-282,284-286,288-289,302,517-518.
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1707383491 41 Paul D. Buell,‘Mongol Empire and Turkicization:The Evidence of Food and Foodways’,in The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy,ed. Reuven Amitai-Preiss and David O. Morgan(Leiden,2001),pp. 204-205.
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1707383495 42 Buell,‘Mongol Empire and Turkicization’,pp. 216-217,n. 69. (宋元时期的馒头确实是有馅的,因此突厥语中的“manty”与汉语中“馒头”之间的关联应该不是巧合。可参看蔡美彪:《辽金元史十五讲》,第十五讲“馒头、包子的由来与同异”,北京:中华书局,2011 年。—译者)
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1707383499 43 William of Rubruck,The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Mongke, 1253-1255,trans. Peter Jackson(London,1990),p. 82.
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