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[86]R.M.Eaton,The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier 1204–1760 (London,1993),p.282;M.Laffan,Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia (London,2003),pp.20,23–24.
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[87]苏非的作用讨论见H.A.R.Gibb and H.Bowen,Islamic Society and the West:A Study of the Impact of Western Civilisation on Moslem Culture in the Near East,vol.1:Islamic Society in the Eighteenth Century,pt 2 (London,1957),pp.187–197,并且见Hournai,Islam in European Thought,pp.156–163。奥斯曼行省老板阿里帕夏小心翼翼地庇护奴隶禁卫军增强其权力,参见F.W.Hasluck,Christianity and Islam under the Sultans (2 vols.,Oxford,1929),vol.2,p.537。
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[88]Khan,Indian Muslim Perceptions,p.375.
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[89]参见Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti,Chrinicle of the First Seven Months of the French Occupation of Egypt,ed.And trans,S.Moreh (Leiden,1975);S.Moren,‘Napoleon and the French Impact on Egyptian Society in the Eyes of al-Jabarti’,in I.Bierman (ed.),Napopeon in Egypt (Reading,2003).
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[90]J.S.Trimingham,A Histroy of Islam in West Africa (Oxford,1962),ch.5;G.Robinson,Muslim Societies in African History (Cambridge,2004),ch.10.
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[91]J.Israel,The Radical Enlightenment:Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650–1750 (Oxford,2001),p.10。这个研究的主要负担是由Spinoza的唯物主义哲学施加的激进思想影响。
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[92]N.Hampson,The Rnlightenment (London,1968),p.131.
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[93]关于洛克的思想,见M.Cranston,John Locke (London,1957),ch.20;Hampson,Enlightenment,pp.38–39。
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[94]J.Tully,An Approach to Political Philosophy:Locke in Contexts (Cambridge,1993),pp.200–201.
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[95]最近的研究见Israel,Radical Enlightenment。
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[96]J.Locke,Two Treatises on Civil Government (1690),ed.J.W.Gough (Oxford,1946),sect.49.
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[97]关于最近的研究,参见A.Pagden,European Encounters with the New World (London,1993)。
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[98]关于休谟,见N.Phillipson,Hume (London,1989),pp.32–34。
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[99]参见H.Reiss (ed.),Kant’s Political Writings (Cambridge,1970),p.106。
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[100]J.W.Burrow,Evolution and Society (Cambridge,1970),p.39.
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[101]Ibid.,p.47.
1707502981
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[102]E.Stokes,The English Utilitarians and India (Oxford,1959),p.53.
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[103]引自Spence,In Search of Modern China,p.123。
1707502985
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[104] S.Drescher,Capitalism and Anti-Slavery:British Mobilization in Comparative Perspective (London,1986).
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1707502988
[105]U.Heyd,‘Ottoman ‘Ulema and Westernization in the Time of Selim III and Mahmud II’,in A.Hourani,P.S.Khoury and M.C.Wilson (eds.),The Modern Middle East (London,1993),pp.29–59.
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[106]Ewald,Soldiers,Traders and Slaves,pp.152–165.
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1707502992
[107]关于对穆罕默德·阿里国家的最近的分析,见K.Fahmy,All the Pasha’s Men:Mehmed Ali,his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt (Cairo,2002)。
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[108]J.R.Perry,Karim Khan Zand (Chicago,1979).
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[109]在19世纪40年代Tehran处理伊朗西南的Bakhtiari事务的娱乐性描述,见H.Layard,Early Adventures in Persia,Susiana and Bbylonia (2 vols.,London,1887),第2卷第11—16章。
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[110] Algar,Religion and State,pp.45–47.
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