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[95]最近的研究见Israel,Radical Enlightenment。
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[96]J.Locke,Two Treatises on Civil Government (1690),ed.J.W.Gough (Oxford,1946),sect.49.
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[97]关于最近的研究,参见A.Pagden,European Encounters with the New World (London,1993)。
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[98]关于休谟,见N.Phillipson,Hume (London,1989),pp.32–34。
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[99]参见H.Reiss (ed.),Kant’s Political Writings (Cambridge,1970),p.106。
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[100]J.W.Burrow,Evolution and Society (Cambridge,1970),p.39.
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[101]Ibid.,p.47.
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[102]E.Stokes,The English Utilitarians and India (Oxford,1959),p.53.
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[103]引自Spence,In Search of Modern China,p.123。
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[104] S.Drescher,Capitalism and Anti-Slavery:British Mobilization in Comparative Perspective (London,1986).
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[105]U.Heyd,‘Ottoman ‘Ulema and Westernization in the Time of Selim III and Mahmud II’,in A.Hourani,P.S.Khoury and M.C.Wilson (eds.),The Modern Middle East (London,1993),pp.29–59.
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[106]Ewald,Soldiers,Traders and Slaves,pp.152–165.
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[107]关于对穆罕默德·阿里国家的最近的分析,见K.Fahmy,All the Pasha’s Men:Mehmed Ali,his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt (Cairo,2002)。
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[108]J.R.Perry,Karim Khan Zand (Chicago,1979).
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[109]在19世纪40年代Tehran处理伊朗西南的Bakhtiari事务的娱乐性描述,见H.Layard,Early Adventures in Persia,Susiana and Bbylonia (2 vols.,London,1887),第2卷第11—16章。
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[110] Algar,Religion and State,pp.45–47.
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[111]V.Lieberman,‘Reinterpreting Burmese History’,Comparative Studies in Society and History 29,1 (1987),p.179.Thant Myint-U,The Making of Modern Burma (Cambridge,2001),第1、2章。
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[112]关于这个模式,见V.Lieberman,‘Local Integration and Eurasian Analogies:Struccturing Southeast Asian History,c.1350–c.1830’,Modern Asian Studies 27,3 (1993),pp.475–572;以及V.Lieberman,Strange Parallels:Southeast Asia in Global Context c.800–1830,vol.1:Integration on the Mainland (Cambridge,2003),第2—4章。
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[113]关于Zanzabar的崛起,见M.V.Jackson Haight,The European Powers and Southeast Africa (rev,edn,London,1967),pp.99–141。
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[114]1842年2月28日奥克兰爵士的派遣,见Kelly,Britain and the Persian Gulf.p.449。
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[115]关于这个评论,见C.Totman,Early Modern Japan (London,1993),第15—21章;以及M.Jansen,The Making of Modern Japan (Cambridge,Mass.,2000),第8—9章。
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全球帝国史:帖木儿之后帝国的兴与衰(1400-2000) 5.与时间赛跑
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欧亚大陆的重要时刻
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