打字猴:1.70750417e+09
1707504170
1707504171 [5]Riezler的Grundzuge der Weltpolitik in der Gegenwart是1914年在慕尼黑出版的。
1707504172
1707504173 [6]参见V.G.Liulevicius,War Land on the Eastern Front:Culture,National Identity and German Occupation in the First World War (Cambridge,2000);A.Zweig,The Case of Sergeant Grischa (Eng.Trans.New York,1928)是关于‘Ober Ost’的引人入胜的半虚构传记。关于东线战争的一般评论,见N.Stone,The Eastern Front 1914–1917 (London,1975)。
1707504174
1707504175 [7] B.Pares,The Fall of the Russian Monarchy:A Study of the Evidence (New York,1939),p.476.
1707504176
1707504177 [8]H.Seton-Watson,The Russian Empire 1801–1917 (Oxford,1967),p.653.
1707504178
1707504179 [9]关于那些恐惧如何真实,可以从Lord Milner的通讯中看到,他是那时英国宏观战略的主要指导人。与Halford Mackinder(战后在他的Democratic Ideals and Reality [London,1919]中表达出来)的“核心”思想的相似性并不是偶然的:Mackinder 正是Milner圈的成员。
1707504180
1707504181 [10]关于战时内阁东方委员会的研究参见J.Darwin,Britain,Egypt and the Middle East:Imperial Policy in the Aftermath of War (London,1981),第6章。
1707504182
1707504183 [11]详细资料见W.R.Louis,Great Britain and Germany’s Lost Colonies (Oxford,1967)。
1707504184
1707504185 [12]关于埃及的危机及结果,见E.Kedourie,‘Saad Zaghloul and the British’,in his The Chatham House Version (London,1970);Darwin,Britain,Egypt and the Middle East,chs.3,4,5;J.Beinin and Z.Lockman,‘1919:Labour Upsurge and National Revolution’,in A.Hourani,P.S.Khoury and M.C.Wilson (eds.),The Modern Middle East (London,1993),pp.395–428。
1707504186
1707504187 [13]A.Hourani,Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1789–1939 (London,1962;repr.Cambridge,1983),p.276.
1707504188
1707504189 [14]参见M.Llewellyn Smith,Ionian Vision:Greece in Asia Minor 1919–1922  (London,1973)。
1707504190
1707504191 [15]关于危机的评论,见D.Walder,The Chanak Affair (London,1969)。
1707504192
1707504193 [16]关于战争的人文后果及条约的讨论见J.McCarthy,Death and Exile:The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims 1821–1922 (Princeton,1995),第7章。
1707504194
1707504195 [17]英国从伊拉克完全撤军在1923年的内阁会议上激烈辩论过。当时的首相Andrew Bonar Law赞成前去。
1707504196
1707504197 [18]关于国父的建国活动,见B.Lewis,The Emergence of Modern Turkey (London,1961);A.Mango,Ataturk (London,1999);M.E.Meeker,A Nation of Empire:The Ottoman Legacy of Turkish Modernity (Berkeley,Los Angeles and London,2002)。关于Reza Shah重建伊朗,见E.Abrahamian,Iran between Two Revolutions (Princeton,1982),pp.118–165。关于石油出口的巨大价值,参见A.T.Wilson,Persia (London,1932),p.307。M.E.Yapp,The Near East since the First World War (London,1991)是一份出色的一般性讨论。
1707504198
1707504199 [19]关于印度穆斯林不满情绪的增强,见F.C.R.Robinson,Separatism among Indian Muslims:The Politics of the United Provinces Muslims,1860–1923 (Cambridge,1974);Jacob M.Landau,The Politics of Pan-Islam:Ideology and Organization (Oxford,1990),pp.182–215;M.Hasan,Mahomed Ali:Ideology and Politics (Delhi,1981)。直到1919年,Mahomed Ali因为煽动闹事而被英国政府拘留。
1707504200
1707504201 [20]现在,关于Amritsar的最好作品是N.Collet,The Butcher of Amritsar (London,2006),尽管其有色的标题,但却是一份敏锐的和学术的研究。
1707504202
1707504203 [21]关于甘地早期的政治生涯以及1919年的运动,见J.M.Brown,Gandhi’s Rise to Power (Cambridge,1972);R.Kumar (de.),Essays in Gandhian Politics (Oxford,1917)。
1707504204
1707504205 [22]D.A.Low,‘The Government of India and the First Non-Cooperation Campaign,1920–1922’,in Kumar (ed.),Gandhian Politics;D.Page,Prelude to Partition:The Indian Muslims and the Imperial System of Control 1920–1932 (Delhi,1982).
1707504206
1707504207 [23]这些神经质的手腕可以在下列书中找到B.T.Tomlinson,The Indian National Congress and the Raj (London,1976)。
1707504208
1707504209 [24]参见Zhang Yongjin,China in the International System,1918–1920:The Middle Kingdom at the Periphery (London,1991)。
1707504210
1707504211 [25]A.j.Nathan,Peking Politics 1918–1923 (London,1976).
1707504212
1707504213 [26]A.Waldron,“The Warlord:Twentieth Century Chinese Understandings of Violence,Militarism and Imperialism”,American Historical Review 96,4 (1991),pp.1073–1100;概况参见His-Sheng Ch’I,Warlord Politics in China (Stanford,1976);关于一个省份的个案研究,见Angus W.McDonald,The Urban Origins of Rural Revolution:Elites and the Masses in Hunan Province,China,1911–1927 (Berkeley,Los Angeles and London,1978)。
1707504214
1707504215 [27]H.B.Morse and H.F MacNair,Far Eastern International Relations (2nd edn,Cambridge,Mass.,1931),p.581.
1707504216
1707504217 [28]Ibid.,pp.581–583.
1707504218
1707504219 [29]参见Jerome B.Grieder,Intellectuals and the State in Modern China (New York,1981),pp.214–226。
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