打字猴:1.707588375e+09
1707588375
1707588376 [4]Richardson,ForestsandForestryinChina,89.
1707588377
1707588378 [5]Ken-Ichi Abe,“Collaged Landscape:History and Political Ecology of Forests in Yunnan,”in TheGoodEarth,eds.Abe and Nickum,124-135;Shaoting Yin,“Rubber Planting and Eco-Environmental/Socio-cultural Transition in Xishuangbanna,”in TheGoodEarth,eds.Abe and Nickum,136-143.
1707588379
1707588380 [6]关于橡胶树的种植及其对环境的影响,可参见Shapiro,Mao’sWaragainst Nature,169-185。
1707588381
1707588382 [7]Vaclav Smil,TheBadEarth,10-12.中译本见瓦格纳·斯密尔:《中国生态环境的恶化》,第12-16页。
1707588383
1707588384 [8]Vaclav Smil,China’sEnvironmentalCrisis:AnInquiryintotheLimitsof NationalDevelopment(Armonk,NY:M.E.Sharpe,1993),62-63,66.
1707588385
1707588386 [9]Richard Louis Edmonds,PatternsofChina’sLostHarmony:ASurveyofthe Country’sEnvironmentalDegradationandProtection(London,UK and New York,NY:Routledge,1994),58-59.
1707588387
1707588388 [10]James Harkness,“Recent Trends in Forestry and Conservation of Biodiversity in China,”TheChinaQuarterly no.156(December 1998):929.
1707588389
1707588390 [11]详细的讨论参见曲格平、李金昌:《中国人口与环境》,第67-68页。
1707588391
1707588392 [12]同上书,第68页。
1707588393
1707588394 [13]Lester Ross,ForestryPolicyinChina(University of Michigan Ph.D.,1980), 79-80.
1707588395
1707588396 [14]Ibid.,94.
1707588397
1707588398 [15]Lester Ross,ForestryPolicyinChina(University of Michigan Ph.D.,1980),133.
1707588399
1707588400 [16]Liu Dachang,“Tenure and Management of Non-State Forests in China since 1950:A Historical Review,”EnvironmentalHistory 6(April 2001):239-263.
1707588401
1707588402 [17]Ross,ForestryPolicyinChina,ch.3.
1707588403
1707588404 [18]毛泽东的方式与苏联和斯大林有所区别,参见Stephen Brain,“The Great Stalin Place for the Transformation of Nature,”EnvironmentalHistory 15(October 2010):670-700。
1707588405
1707588406 [19]Richardson,ForestryinCommunistChina,一张未编号也无页码的广东省森林照片。
1707588407
1707588408 [20]亦可参见马立博《虎、米、丝、泥》第35页照片。
1707588409
1707588410 [21]例如在云南省,这种国有资源拍卖本应该向所有能购买这些土地的人公开,但实际却采取了秘密的形式,以便将这些国有资源输送到利益相关者的手中,参见Janet Sturgeon,BorderLandscapes:ThePoliticsofAkhaLandUseinChinaand Thailand(Seattle,WA:University of Washington Press,2005),91-94。
1707588411
1707588412 [22]Liu,“Tenure and Management,”250.
1707588413
1707588414 [23]另一种不同的观点可参见Maurice Meisner,TheDengXiaopingEra:AnInquiryintotheFateofChineseSocialism 1978-1994(New York,NY:Hill and Wang,1996),248。
1707588415
1707588416 [24]Liu,“Tenure and Management,”256.
1707588417
1707588418 [25]Ibid.
1707588419
1707588420 [26]Sen WANG et al.,“Mosaic of Reform:Forest Policy in Post-1978 China,”Forest PolicyandEconomics 6(2004);在世界银行的网站上列有详细的环境项目名单。
1707588421
1707588422 [27]Sen WANG et al.,“Mosaic of Reform:Forest Policy in Post-1978 China,”Forest PolicyandEconomics 6(2004):77.
1707588423
1707588424 [28]Ibid.,74.
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