打字猴:1.702397792e+09
1702397792 回归家庭?:家庭、事业与难以实现的平等 [:1702395851]
1702397793 回归家庭?:家庭、事业与难以实现的平等 注 释
1702397794
1702397795 引言
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1702397797 1. 在英国和北爱尔兰,由地方市政府出资建造的一种公共或社会住房。
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1702397799 2. 关于20世纪八九十年代多变的经济、社会和文化状况,及其对工人阶级女孩生活影响的精彩讨论,参见Valerie Walkerdine, Helen Lucey, and June Melody, Growing Up Girl: Psychosocial Explorations of Gender and Class (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave, 2001)。
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1702397801 3. Isabella Bakker, “Women’s Employment in Comparative Perspective” in Feminization of the Labour Force: Paradoxes and Promises , ed. J. Jenson, E. Hagen, and C. Reddy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988), 17.
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1702397803 4. Walkerdine, Lucey, and Melody, Growing Up Girl , 158.
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1702397805 5. 这一主题在第2章中展开,用到了凯瑟琳·罗滕贝格的“平衡型女人”概念。参见Catherine Rottenberg, “Happiness and the Liberal Imagination: How Superwoman Became Balanced,” Feminist Studies 40, no. 1 (2014): 144–168。
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1702397807 6. Allison Pearson, I Don’t Know How She Does It (New York: Knopf, 2002).
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1702397809 7. 参见Walkerdine, Lucey, and Melody, Growing Up Girl 。
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1702397811 8. Rosalind Gill, “Sexism Reloaded, or, It’s Time to Get Angry Again!” Feminist Media Studies 11, no. 1 (2011): 66.
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1702397813 9. 美国数据来源于“Women, Work and Children: The Return of the Stay-at-Home Mother,” Economist , April 19, 2014。英国数据来源于对《英国劳动力调查报告》(UK Labour Force Survey, 1997—2017)的分析,出自Presentation by Shani Orgad and Gillian Paull (Frontier Economics) to the Policy Lab and Government Equalities Office, July 17, 2017。
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1702397815 10. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963; reprint, London: Penguin, 2000), 49. 朱迪丝·哈巴克在1957年出版的《上过大学的妻子》(Wives Who Went to College , London: Heinemann, 1957)一书中针对英国妇女提出了类似的问题。
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1702397817 11. Friedan, Feminine Mystique , 34.
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1702397819 12. Friedan, 198.
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1702397821 13. Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead (London: WH Allen, 2013).
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1702397823 14. Sarah Banet-Weiser, Empowered: Popular Feminism and Popular Misogyny (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018); Catherine Rottenberg, The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018); Anne-Marie Slaughter, “Why Women Still Can’t Have It All,” Atlantic , July/August, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/07/why-women-still-cant-have-it-all/309020.
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1702397825 15. 参见Anne-Marie Slaughter, Unfinished Business: Women, Men, Work, Family (London: One-world, 2015)。
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1702397827 16. 例如,参见Business in the Community, “Business in the Community Toolkit,” 2017, https://gender.bitc.org.uk/all-resources/toolkits/business-case-gender-diversity; Berkeley Executive Education, “Berkeley Insight,” 2017, http://executive.berkeley.edu/thought-leadership/blog/business-case-gender-diversity; Vivian Hunt, Dennis Layton, and Sara Prince, “Why Diversity Matters,” January 2015, http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/why-diversity-matters; Carline Turner, “The Business Case for Gender Diversity: Update 2017,” Huffington Post, April 30, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-business-case-for-gender-diversity-update-2017_us_590658cbe4b05279d4edbd4b。
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1702397829 17. Angela McRobbie, The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change (London: Sage, 2009); 参见第1章中的讨论。
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1702397831 18. 英国数据来源于英国国家统计局(Office for National Statistics)发布的《劳动力调查报告》(2018)表二,https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/uklabourmarket/latest (accessed July 9, 2018). 就业人口指所有从事有偿工作者,包括职工和自营职业者。就业率每季度更新,仅限16—64岁妇女。美国数据来源于美国劳工部(US Department of Labour)妇女局(Women’s Bureau)2016年发布的《劳动力市场中的妇女》(Women in the Labor Force),https://www.dol.gov/wb/stats/NEWSTATS/facts/women_lf.htm (accessed July 9, 2018)。
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1702397833 19. 例如,参见Alison Wolf, The XX Factor: How Working Women Are Creating a New Society (London: Profile, 2013)。
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1702397835 20. Spencer Thompson and Dalia Ben-Galim, Childmind the Gap: Reforming Childcare to Support Mothers into Work (London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2014), 2.
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1702397837 21. “专业”妇女在此处的定义,是指从事或从事过《英国劳动力报告》中前三类职业的妇女:1. 经理、总监、高级官员;2. 专业人士;3. 专业辅助人员、技术人员。表一中的分析由吉利恩·波尔(前沿经济学咨询公司)整理,出自Shani Orgad and Gillian Paull (Frontier Economics) to the Policy Lab and UK Government Equalities Office, July 17, 2017。
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1702397839 22. 兰迪瓦尔(Liana Cristin Landivar)分析美国就业趋势时发现,“育有学龄前孩子的妇女离开劳动力市场的概率,比无子女妇女高出1.9倍”,而育有孩子的妇女离开劳动力市场的概率是无子女妇女的2倍。Liana Cristin Landivar, Women at Work: Who Opts Out? (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2017), 84.
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1702397841 23. Claudia Goldin and Joshua Mitchell, “The New Life Cycle of Women’s Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association 31, no. 1 (2017): 161–182. 英国国家统计局数据显示,英格兰和威尔士妇女生育子女的平均年龄为30.3岁,其中高龄产妇的比例自20世纪70年代中叶以来不断上升。参见UK Office for National Statistics, “Statistical Bulletin: Births by Parents’ Char-acteristics in England and Wales: 2015,” November 29, 2016, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/bulletins/birthsbyparentscharacteristicsinenglandandwales/2015。
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